NEET Chemistry Questions: D & F Block Elements

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On which factor, does the stability of an oxidation state in lanthanide elements depend ? [Gujarat-2008]




The stability of an oxidation state in lanthanide elements depends on the combined effect of hydration energy and ionization energy. These factors determine how easily an ion can form and remain stable in a solution.
What is the atomic number of the element with $ M^{2+} $ ion having electronic configuration$ [Ar] 3d^8 $ [Gujarat-2009]




The element with the electronic configuration $[Ar] 3d^8$ for its $M^{2+}$ ion is Nickel (Ni). The atomic number of Nickel is 28. When it loses two electrons to form $Ni^{2+}$, the configuration becomes $[Ar] 3d^8$.
Which of canthanide element show +2 and +3 oxidation state ? [AIIMS-2003]




Among the lanthanides, Europium (Eu) is known to show both +2 and +3 oxidation states. This is because the +2 oxidation state of Eu has a stable half-filled f-orbital configuration \\(4f^7\\).
Which of following is correct order of ionic radii of $ Y^{+3}, La^{3+}, Eu ^ {3+}, Lu ^ {3+} $ ? [CBSE-PMT-2003]




No explanation available.
Lanthanide contraction is observed due to increase in [Kerala MEE 2003]




Lanthanide contraction is observed due to an increase in effective nuclear charge. As we move across the lanthanide series, electrons are added to the 4f orbitals, which do not shield the nuclear charge effectively, leading to a stronger attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons, thus causing a contraction in atomic and ionic sizes.
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In............ elements, atomic volume decrease with increase in atomic number. [AIEEE-2003]




In the f-block elements, also known as the lanthanides and actinides, the atomic volume decreases with an increase in atomic number. This phenomenon is due to the lanthanide contraction, where the addition of electrons to the 4f orbitals results in poor shielding, leading to an increase in the effective nuclear charge and a consequent decrease in atomic and ionic radii.
Which of aqueous solution is coloured ? [IIT-1990]




Aqueous solutions of transition metal salts are often colored due to d-d electron transitions. $ Co (NO_3)_2 $ contains cobalt, a transition metal, which typically forms colored solutions. In contrast, $ Zn (NO_3)_2 $ and $ LiNO_3 $ contain zinc and lithium, respectively, which do not have partially filled d-orbitals and thus form colorless solutions. Potash Alum, while sometimes appearing colored due to impurities, is generally colorless in its pure form.

The values of vander waals constant ‘a’ for the gases O2, N2, NH3 and CH4 are 1.36, 1.39, 4.17 and 2.253 lit2 atom mol-2 respectively. The gas which can most easily be liquefied is-





(C). More the ‘a’ value of the gas, more will be the inter molecular attraction between the gas

       molecules, therefore, easier will be the liquefaction.

The soldiers of Napolean army while at Alps during freezing winner suffered a serious problem as regards to the tin buttons of their uniforms. White Metallic tin buttons get converted to grey powder. This transformation is related to:





White tin crumbles into powder due to formation of grey tin at low temperature.

Which is not used as pigment in paints?





No explanation available.

Compound of lead used in match industry is:





Lead (II) oxide (PbO2) is the compound of lead used in the match industry. It acts as an oxidizing agent in the ignition mixture of match heads, providing the oxygen needed for combustion.

Argon is used:





 

 Argon is also used to form inert atmospheres for arc welding,

growing semiconductor crystals and processes that require shielding from other atmospheric gases.

CuSO4 (aq.)→H2S↑M↓→of KCNExcessN+O

Then final products N and O are respectively.





(a) CuSO4(aq.)→H2S↑    2CuS        →excessKCN[Cu(CN)4]3-+(CN)2↑

                             Black ppr.(M)                  (N)               (O)

CrO42- (yellow) changes to Cr2O72- (orange) in pH =x and vice versa in pH=y. Hence, x and y are:





(a) 2CrO42-+ 2H+→Cr2O72-+H2O

     Cr2O72-+2OH-→2CrO42-+H2O

When steam is passed over red hot iron , the substances formed are:





When steam is passed over red hot iron, the reaction that takes place is: 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g). Iron is oxidized to Fe3O4 (iron(II,III) oxide or magnetite), and hydrogen gas is evolved. This reaction is used in the industrial production of hydrogen gas.