Group 13 Elements

Group 13 elements, also known as Boron family, include Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), and Thallium (Tl). They have three electrons in their outermost shell and typically form +3 oxidation state. These elements show a gradual change from non-metallic to metallic character down the group. Boron is a metalloid, while the rest are metals. They generally form covalent compounds, with the exception of more metallic elements like Thallium, which can form ionic compounds.