Isoelectronic Species Definition

Isoelectronic species are atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell. They are identified by:

• Counting the total number of electrons in the valence shell
• Comparing this number across different species
• Looking for species with the same electron configuration

For example, N³⁻, O²⁻, F⁻, Ne, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺ are isoelectronic species as they all have 10 electrons in their outermost shell.