Role of Bacteria in Nitrogen Fixation

Bacteria play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, particularly in nitrogen fixation. Here’s how:

• Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Certain bacteria, like Rhizobium, form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants, where they convert atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), which plants can use.
• Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation: Some bacteria, such as Azotobacter and Clostridium, live freely in the soil and also fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.

These processes enrich the soil with nitrogen compounds, essential for plant growth, thus maintaining soil fertility and supporting the ecosystem.