Practice free Organism and Population (Botany) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
In a broad ecological context, how are herbivory and predation related?
The text mentions, 'Although animals eating plants are categorised separately as herbivores, they are, in a broad ecological context, not very different from predators.' And later, 'For plants, herbivores are the predators.'
Biological control methods for agricultural pests often rely on the principle of:
The text states, 'Biological control methods adopted in agricultural pest control are based on the ability of the predator to regulate prey population.' This is exemplified by the control of the prickly pear cactus by a moth.
Which interaction is characterized by one species benefiting and the other being harmed?
The table and text clearly define predation as an interaction where '+' (benefit) and '-' (harm) occur. 'In both parasitism and predation only one species benefits (parasite and predator, respectively) and the interaction is detrimental to the other species (host and prey, respectively).'
The statement 'All animals depend on plants (directly or indirectly) for their food needs' suggests that:
The statement highlights the foundational role of plants (producers) in fueling ecosystems. Animals (consumers) derive their energy either directly from plants (herbivores) or indirectly by consuming other animals that ate plants (carnivores). This places plants as the base of the food chain.
Which of the following describes the interaction where two interacting species both derive benefits from each other?
As per the NCERT text, 'Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species.' Commensalism benefits one and the other is unaffected. Parasitism and predation benefit one species while harming the other.
Lichens exemplify a mutualistic relationship between which two organisms?
The NCERT states, 'Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria.'
In mycorrhizal associations, what is the primary benefit that fungi provide to the higher plants?
According to the text, 'The fungi help the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil' in mycorrhizal associations.
What does a fig tree offer its pollinator wasp in return for the favor of pollination?
The NCERT material explains that 'The female wasp uses the fruit not only as an oviposition (egg-laying) site but uses the developing seeds within the fruit for nourishing its larvae. The wasp pollinates the fig inflorescence while searching for suitable egg-laying sites. In return for the favour of pollination the fig offers the wasp some of its developing seeds, as food for the developing wasp larvae.'
A tight one-to-one relationship between a fig species and its pollinator wasp species is an example of:
The text highlights this as an example of 'co-evolution of the mutualists, that is, the evolutions of the flower and its pollinator species are tightly linked with one another.'
Which of the following interactions is characterized by both species benefiting, often involving co-evolution?
The passage describes mutualism as conferring benefits on both interacting species, and specifically mentions that 'plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists'.
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