Plant Anatomy Plant Tissues MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

In angiosperms, the translocation of sugar primarily occurs in the form of sucrose. Sucrose is efficiently transported through the phloem to various parts of the plant where it can be utilized or stored.

In plants, sugar is transported through the phloem vessels primarily in the form of sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. It is the main form of sugar transported because it is more stable and less reactive than glucose.

Lateral meristems, such as the cambium, are involved in the secondary growth of plants, which increases the thickness of stems and roots. The cambium is responsible for producing new layers of vascular tissue, including both xylem and phloem.

Hydathodes are specialized structures found in the epidermal tissue system of leaves. They are involved in the process of guttation, where water is exuded from the tips or edges of leaves. This is different from transpiration, which occurs through stomata.

Parenchyma is a living tissue in plants, consisting of cells with thin cell walls that are capable of cell division. It plays a key role in various physiological functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and tissue repair. In contrast, sclerenchyma, xylem vessels, and tracheids are typically composed of dead cells.

Collenchyma cells are a type of plant cell characterized by the uneven thickening of their cell walls, predominantly at the corners. This thickening is mainly composed of pectin along with cellulose, which provides flexibility and structural support to the plant parts.

Sclereids, also known as stone cells, are a type of sclerenchyma cell. They are typically found in various plant tissues, providing mechanical support and protection due to their thick, lignified cell walls. They are commonly found in fruits like pears and in the shells of nuts.

The cuticle is a waxy layer present on the surface of both leaves and stems. It serves to reduce water loss by evaporation and provides a barrier against pathogens. It is not present on roots as roots are responsible for water absorption.

Companion cells are specialized parenchyma cells found in the phloem of flowering plants. They are closely associated with sieve tube elements and help in the transport of sugars and other nutrients.

Sieve tube elements are characterized by the absence of a nucleus at maturity, which allows for more efficient transport of nutrients. The presence of companion cells helps to maintain the metabolic functions that the sieve tube elements cannot perform due to the absence of a nucleus.