Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The correct sequence of the cell cycle is G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2 (Gap 2), and M (Mitosis). In G1 phase, the cell grows and performs normal functions. During the S phase, DNA replication occurs. In G2 phase, the cell prepares for mitosis. Finally, in the M phase, the cell undergoes mitosis and divides into two daughter cells.

Prophase I in meiosis is divided into five stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. This order represents the progression of chromosomes through the initial stages of meiosis, where they condense, pair, exchange segments, and prepare for separation.

During prophase, the chromosomes become visible as thread-like structures due to condensation. This is one of the key characteristics of prophase, distinguishing it from other stages where chromosomes are either not visible or aligned differently.

The S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is unique for DNA replication. During this phase, the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus, ensuring that both daughter cells will have identical genetic material.

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis during which chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

The post-mitotic gap phase (G1) is the phase that occurs after mitosis and before the S phase, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. The S phase is the synthesis phase where DNA is replicated.

During metaphase in mitosis, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids that are identical copies of each other. These chromatids are replicated chromosomes that will be separated during anaphase, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

DNA replication occurs during the S phase (Synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. This is the phase when the cell synthesizes a complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus, doubling the DNA content in preparation for mitosis.

During anaphase-II of meiosis, the sister chromatids are finally separated and move towards opposite poles. This is similar to the anaphase of mitosis but occurs in the second division of meiosis, resulting in haploid cells.