Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription on one strand of the DNA called a template strand.

A template can be considered as one of those strands of DNA which decodes its information directly through RNA polymerase.

This information is then restored within the RNA molecule and transferred outside the nucleus for protein synthesis within the cytoplasm.

A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterised by the co-ordination of one or more Zn ions in order to stabilise the folds. 

RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA, RNA poly II synthesis mRNA while RNA poly I synthesis rRNA in eukaryotes.

Transcription unit consists of promoter, structural gene and terminator. The inducer (lactose/allolactose) is not a component of transcription unit.

If one strand of DNA has the nitrogenous base sequence as ATCTG, the complementary sequence of mRNA will be UAGAC.

The primary transcript from a typical eukaryotic gene contains introns as well as exons. During RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order, to produce functional RNA.

Nucleosome is sub-microscopic sub-unit of chromatin which is formed by wrapping of DNA over a core of histone proteins. The term was coined by Oudet et. al, (1975). It is oblate structure with a length of 10 nm and a thickness of 5-5.7 nm. Its core is called nu-body. The latter is formed of four pairs of histone molecules. H₂A, H₂B, H₃ and H₄. DNA makes 1.75 turns over the

In prokaryotes, hypothesis was given in 1961 to explain the protein synthesis regulation. This hypothesis was given by F Jacob and J Monod and for this awarded Nobel Prize in 1965, the hypothesis was known by the name of Operon Model.

The operator gene is the segment of DNA, which exercise a control over transcriptions. In the absence of lactose, the repressor binds with the operator gene.

The genetic code is degenerate, ie, a given amino acid can be specified by more than one codons.

The genetic code inside the cell medium is said to be non-ambiguous because a particular codon always codes the same amino acid. But in certain rare cases the genetic code is found to be ambiguous, ie, some codons code for different amino acids under different conditions. The genetic code is almost universal.

Britten and his coworkers (1966-68) have demonstrated that many vertebrate DNAs reassociate, especially if broken into smaller pieces. This observation gave rise to the hypothesis that certain short sequences of bases are repeated hundred or more times in such DNAs. Such DNAs have been called repetitive or satellite DNAs. All eukaryotes except yeast contain satellite DNA. Satellite DNA regions like VNTR/RFLP are the basis of DNA fingerprinting (forensic science).