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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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Which one(s) is / are correct?
A. In prokaryotes single type of RNA polymerase can transcribe mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.
B. In eukaryotes RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA (28s, 18s and 5.8s) whereas RNA pol III is responsible for transcription of tRNA, 5s rRNA and RNAs.
C. RNA pol II transcribes HnRNA in eukaryotes.
D. Ribosomal large subunit has p and A-sites.

A, C

A, B, C, D

B, C, D

A, B, C

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Explanation

All of the above mentioned statements are correct.

A. Transcription in prokaryotes is catalysed by RNA Polymerase only.

B. In eukaryotes,

RNA polymerase I : transcribes rRNAs (28S, 18S, and 5.8S)

RNA polymerase III : transcription of tRNA, 5srRNA, and snRNAs

C. RNA polymerase II : precursor of mRNA, the heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

D. Large subunit of Ribosome has three sites- E, P and A site

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The fact that the genetic code is almost universal in living organisms is considered to be evidence that all organisms:

Are evolutionarily related

Are genetically identical

Have the same sequence of anticodons

None of the above

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Explanation

Genetic code is universal in living organisms and this proves that all organisms are evolutionarily related as all contains amino acids composed of 61 universal code.

(page-112)

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Choose the correct statements:
I. Binding of mRNA to the ribosome is loose and reversible.
II. The ribosome, which is composed of tRNA and proteins, consists of a small and large subunit.
III. Each of the 20 amino acids has a minimum of one specific tRNA molecule.
IV. tRNAMET binds to the first codon (AUG) - this is called the START codon.
V. The second tRNA binds to the second codon so that their attached monosaccharides are next to each other
VI. The newly formed polypeptide may undergo post-transcriptional modification.

I, III and IV

II, IV, VI

II, V and VI

I, V, VI

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Explanation

All the statements are correct except:-
II. The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and 80 different proteins.In its inactive state, it exists as two subunits; a large subunit and a small subunit.
V. Complexes composed of an amino acid linked to tRNA bind to the appropriate codon in mRNA by forming complementary base pairs with the tRNA anticodon. The ribosome moves from codon to codon along the mRNA. Amino acids are added one by one, translated into Polypeptide sequences.
VI. The newly formed polypeptide undergoes post-translational modifications.
(page-115)

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The length of DNA has 45000 base pairs. How many complete turns will the DNA molecule take?

45000

450

4500

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Explanation

According to Watson and Crick model of DNA, DNA exists as a double helix.

The two chains are coiled in a right-handed fashion. There are roughly 10

Base pairs in each turn so length of DNA with 45000 bp will take 4500

turns in a DNA molecule.

(page-98)

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The full form of ELSI is:

Embedded Low Software Index

Ear Lung Spleen Immunity

Ethical Legal and Social Issue

Endonuclease Ligase Surface Immunity

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Explanation

One of goals of HGP is to address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.

(page-118)

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DNA fingerprinting works because:

Genes containing the same alleles make it simple to compare different individuals

PCR allows amplification of proteins from single cells

There are multiple alleles for some DNA sequences, making it possible to obtain unique patterns for each individual

DNA in the skin cells is very diverse

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Explanation

DNA-fingerprinting is a technique of determining nucleotide sequences of areas of DNA which are unique to each individual. Each person has a unique DNA fingerprint. Only 0.1% of base pairs provide individuality to each person.

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DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because:

Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3' to 5' in eukaryotes and from 5' to 3' in bacteria

Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3' in eukaryotes and from 3' to 5' in bacteria

There are many replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only one in bacterial DNA

Synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3' in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes

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Explanation

In prokaryotes, DNA molecules contain a single origin of replication and a single replicon. These origin sites are longer than eukaryotic origin sites.

Eukaryotic DNA is very large and is organised into chromosomes. There are multiple origins of replication on each chromosome. DNA replication can independently initiate at each origin and terminate at corresponding termination sites.

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You have analyzed the DNA isolated from a newly discovered virus and found that its base composition is 32% A, 17% C, 32% G, and 19% T. What would be a reasonable explanation of this observation?

The virus must be extraterrestrial

In some viruses, double-stranded DNA is made up of base pairs containing two purines or two pyrimidines

Some of the T was converted to C during the isolation procedure

The genome of the phage is single-stranded not double-stranded

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Explanation

As the % of A is not equal (or approx) to T and that of G is not equal to C, thus the genome of the virus is single stranded.

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The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from the:

Sugar

ATP

Release of phosphates

NADPH

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Explanation

The energy for making DNA comes from release of pyrophosphate (PPi).

dNTPs are the building blocks of DNA. When polymerase enzyme incorporates dNTP, it breaks bond between alpha and beta phosphate and energy is released.

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The force that holds DNA together in a double helix is:

The force of the twist

Covalent bonds

Ionic bonds or ionic interactions

Hydrogen bonds

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Explanation

The bases in two strands are paired through hydrogen bonds forming base pairs.

Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with Thymine from opposite strand and vice-versa.

Similarly, Guanine is bonded with Cytosine with three H-bonds.

As a result, always a purine comes opposite to a pyrimidine. This generates approximately uniform distance between the two strands of the helix

(page-97)

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