Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The context mentions: 'The scope of systematics was later enlarged to include identification, nomenclature and classification. Systematics takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.'

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'These taxonomic groups/categories are distinct biological entities and not merely morphological aggregates.' Therefore, option o3 is incorrect.

The text states: 'as we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on decreasing. Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share.'

The summary of 'Biological Classification' chapter mentions: 'Biological classification of plants and animals was first proposed by Aristotle on the basis of simple morphological characters.'

The main criteria for Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification were stated as: 'cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition and reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships.' While pigmentation is related to nutrition, 'pigmentation for photosynthesis' itself is not listed as a main criterion, but rather 'mode of nutrition'.

The text states: 'Such a classification for flowering plants was given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker.' This comes after the discussion of 'natural classification systems developed, which were based on natural affinities among the organisms and consider, not only the external features, but also internal features, like ultra-structure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry.'

The text mentions: 'Such systems were artificial; they separated the closely related species since they were based on a few characteristics. Also, the artificial systems gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is not acceptable since we know that often the vegetative characters are more easily affected by environment.'

The text states: 'This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms.'

The text describes: 'Numerical Taxonomy which is now easily carried out using computers is based on all observable characteristics. Number and codes are assigned to all the characters and the data are then processed. In this way each character is given equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can be considered.'

Figure 1.1 and the accompanying text illustrate the taxonomic categories in ascending order: Species -> Genus -> Family -> Order -> Class -> Phylum/Division -> Kingdom.