Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

Post-fertilization, the zygote develops into the embryo, the primary endosperm nucleus develops into the endosperm, and the integuments harden to form the seed coat, all contributing to the formation of the seed from the ovule.

The question 'Differentiate between: (c) integument and testa;' indirectly refers to the transformation of integuments into the testa (seed coat) as a post-fertilization event. This is a standard concept in plant reproduction.

According to the NCERT text, 'A very significant contribution of mitosis is cell repair. The cells of the upper layer of the epidermis, cells of the lining of the gut, and blood cells are being constantly replaced.' Options 1, 2, and 4 are associated with meiosis.

The NCERT text states, 'Mitotic divisions in the meristematic tissues – the apical and the lateral cambium, result in a continuous growth of plants throughout their life.' Meristematic tissues are responsible for growth.

The context clearly states, 'Since the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same, it is also called as equational division.' Options 1 and 2 describe meiosis, and option 4 is incorrect for mitosis.

The NCERT text mentions, 'However, in some lower plants and in some social insects haploid cells also divide by mitosis.' and also 'However, there are few exceptions to this where haploid cells divide by mitosis, for example, male honey bees.' This indicates that it's not a universal phenomenon but specific exceptions.

The NCERT states, 'Cell growth results in disturbing the ratio between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It therefore becomes essential for the cell to divide to restore the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.' This highlights the importance of maintaining an optimal volume for efficient functioning.

The text states, 'In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in the diploid somatic cells. However, there are few exceptions to this where haploid cells divide by mitosis, for example, male honey bees.' So, the general rule is diploid somatic cells, with exceptions.

The text states, 'Mitosis usually results in the production of diploid daughter cells with identical genetic complement.' This is a defining characteristic of mitosis or equational division.

The context describes $G_0$ phase as an 'inactive stage called quiescent stage (G0) of the cell cycle. Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless called on to do so depending on the requirement of the organism.'