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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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In an inverted pyramid of biomass for an aquatic ecosystem, what typically forms the base?

A. Large predatory fish B. Zooplankton C. Phytoplankton D. Benthic organisms

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Explanation

Figure 12.4 (c) notes 'Inverted pyramid of biomass - small standing crop of phytoplankton supports large standing crop of zooplankton'. This indicates that phytoplankton, though having a smaller standing crop (biomass) at any given time, forms the base, supporting a larger biomass of zooplankton.

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Ecological pyramids can express relationships between organisms at different trophic levels in terms of:

A. Temperature, humidity, and light B. Number, biomass, or energy C. Species diversity only D. Decomposition rates only

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Explanation

The text states, 'This, relationship is expressed in terms of number, biomass or energy.'

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What happens to the amount of energy at successive trophic levels?

A. It increases significantly. B. It remains constant. C. It decreases significantly. D. It fluctuates unpredictably.

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Explanation

The text mentions, 'The important point to note is that the amount of energy decreases at successive trophic levels.'

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Why are saprophytes not given any place in ecological pyramids?

A. They do not play a vital role in the ecosystem. B. Their role is considered insignificant for energy transfer. C. Ecological pyramids assume a simple food chain and do not accommodate their complex role. D. They contribute too much biomass to be accurately represented.

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Explanation

The limitations section states, 'Moreover, saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids even though they play a vital role in the ecosystem.' This is due to the simplification of food chains.

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If an ecosystem's production supports 'nearly 6 millions plants' at the producer level, how many top-carnivores are supported according to the example given for a grassland ecosystem?

A. Hundreds of thousands B. Tens of thousands C. Only three D. Millions

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Explanation

Figure 12.4 (a) states, 'Pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem. Only three top-carnivores are supported in an ecosystem based on production of nearly 6 millions plants.' This illustrates the sharp decrease in numbers at higher trophic levels.

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The concept of 'standing crop' in an ecosystem refers to:

A. The total energy flow in a given period. B. The mass of living material at a particular time. C. The rate of decomposition of organic matter. D. The nutrient cycling time for elements.

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Explanation

The text defines standing crop as, 'Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called as the standing crop.'

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Which of the following describes the interaction where two interacting species both derive benefits from each other?

A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. Predation

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Explanation

As per the NCERT text, 'Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species.' Commensalism benefits one and the other is unaffected. Parasitism and predation benefit one species while harming the other.

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Lichens exemplify a mutualistic relationship between which two organisms?

A. Fungus and higher plant roots B. Fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria C. Bacteria and plant roots D. Algae and bacteria

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria.'

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In mycorrhizal associations, what is the primary benefit that fungi provide to the higher plants?

A. Protection from herbivores B. Absorption of light for photosynthesis C. Absorption of essential nutrients from the soil D. Providing structural support

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Explanation

According to the text, 'The fungi help the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil' in mycorrhizal associations.

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What does a fig tree offer its pollinator wasp in return for the favor of pollination?

A. Nectar only B. Pollen only C. Juicy fruits for seed dispersal D. Some of its developing seeds as food for larvae and oviposition sites

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Explanation

The NCERT material explains that 'The female wasp uses the fruit not only as an oviposition (egg-laying) site but uses the developing seeds within the fruit for nourishing its larvae. The wasp pollinates the fig inflorescence while searching for suitable egg-laying sites. In return for the favour of pollination the fig offers the wasp some of its developing seeds, as food for the developing wasp larvae.'

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