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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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Which of the following is a common method for cultivating microbes in a laboratory for study, allowing them to form visible colonies?

A. Suspension in water samples B. Growing them on nutritive media C. Observing them directly under a microscope D. Storing them in anaerobic conditions

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Explanation

The text explains, 'Microbes like bacteria and many fungi can be grown on nutritive media to form colonies (Figure 8.3), that can be seen with the naked eyes. Such cultures are useful in studies on micro-organisms.'

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Which Kingdom, according to Whittaker's Five Kingdom Classification, primarily consists of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and is known for its extensive metabolic diversity?

A. Protista B. Fungi C. Monera D. Plantae

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Explanation

The summary states, 'In the five kingdom classification, bacteria are included in Kingdom Monera...These organisms show the most extensive metabolic diversity. Bacteria may be autotrophic or heterotrophic in their mode of nutrition.'

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Which component of the cell wall in bacteria, belonging to Kingdom Monera, distinguishes it from the cellulosic cell wall of green plants?

A. Lignin B. Pectin C. Noncellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid) D. Chitin

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Explanation

Table 2.1 under the 'Monera' row states that the cell wall is 'Noncellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid)'.

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Mendel's initial concept of 'factors' that determine phenotype laid the groundwork for understanding inheritance. In the context of the 'Search for Genetic Material', what major scientific development followed this understanding?

A. The establishment of the law of independent assortment. B. Focus on the structure of genetic material and its role in genotype-phenotype conversion. C. Extensive studies on artificial selection and domestication. D. The development of the Punnett Square to predict offspring genotypes.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'The work of Mendel and others who followed him gave us an idea of inheritance patterns. However the nature of those â€˜factorsâ€™ which determine the phenotype was not very clear. As these â€˜factorsâ€™ represent the genetic basis of inheritance, understanding the structure of genetic material and the structural basis of genotype and phenotype conversion became the focus of attention in biology for the next century.' This directly supports option 2.

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Which of the following scientists are not explicitly mentioned in the provided text as making major contributions to the development of molecular biology, following Mendel's work?

A. Watson and Crick B. Nirenberg and Khorana C. Kornbergs (father and son) D. Louis Pasteur

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Explanation

The context explicitly lists 'Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, Kornbergs (father and son), Benzer, Monod, Brenner' as major contributors to molecular biology. Louis Pasteur is not mentioned in this list.

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Before the 'Search for Genetic Material' became a focal point, what was the primary limitation in understanding genetic inheritance, despite Mendel's foundational work?

A. Lack of statistical analysis in biological experiments. B. Inability to identify 'true-breeding' lines for genetic crosses. C. Unclear nature of the 'factors' that determine phenotype. D. Failure to observe blending inheritance in F1 generation.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'However the nature of those â€˜factorsâ€™ which determine the phenotype was not very clear.' This indicates that the chemical or structural identity of the genetic material (factors) was the missing piece.

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The provided text mentions that the 'entire body of molecular biology was a consequent development' after Mendel's work. What specific areas of modern biology are highlighted as being enriched by awareness in molecular genetics?

A. Systematics and Taxonomy B. Molecular genetics, structural biology, and bioinformatics C. Ecology and Environmental science D. Ethology and Animal behavior

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Explanation

The text reads: 'Awareness in the areas of molecular genetics, structural biology and bio informatics have enriched our understanding of the molecular basis of evolution.' This directly points to the correct option.

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Which of the following events characterizes Anaphase II of Meiosis?

A. Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles. B. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. C. Bivalents arrange on the equatorial plate. D. Nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes at each pole.

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text, 'During anaphase II the sister chromatids separate.' This is a key distinguishing event of Anaphase II.

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At the end of Meiosis II, how many haploid cells are typically formed?

A. Two diploid cells B. Four diploid cells C. Two haploid cells D. Four haploid cells

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Thus at the end of meiosis four haploid cells are formed.' and also, 'Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II.'

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Meiosis II is often described as similar to which other cell division process?

A. Mitosis B. Meiosis I C. G1 phase D. S phase

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly says, 'Meiosis II is similar to mitosis.'

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