Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The context highlights: 'Meiosis involves pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.' While mitosis also has a single cycle of DNA replication (before M phase), spindle formation, and karyokinesis/cytokinesis, the pairing of homologous chromosomes (synapsis) is a defining feature of Meiosis I.

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'Meiosis ensures the production of haploid phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms whereas fertilisation restores the diploid phase.'

The context mentions: 'The MMC undergoes meiotic division... Meiosis results in the production of four megaspores (Figure 1.8a). In a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspores is functional while the other three degenerate.'

The text states: 'Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division called meiosis I and meiosis II but only a single cycle of DNA replication.' and 'Meiosis I is initiated after the parental chromosomes have replicated to produce identical sister chromatids at the S phase.'

The context clearly states: 'It is called the reduction division since it reduces the chromosome number by half while making the gametes.'

The NCERT text explicitly highlights: 'It also increases the genetic variability in the population of organisms from one generation to the next. Variations are very important for the process of evolution.'

The text describes: 'This is followed by anaphase I in which homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles with both their chromatids. Each pole receives half the chromosome number of the parent cell.'

The context starts the section on meiosis by stating: 'The production of offspring by sexual reproduction includes the fusion of two gametes, each with a complete haploid set of chromosomes.'

The text states: 'Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II.' and 'cytokinesis follows resulting in the formation of tetrad of cells i.e., four haploid daughter cells (Figure 10.4).'

The NCERT text states: 'During metaphase I the bivalents arrange on the equatorial plate.'