Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The NCERT states, 'In this process O2 is the ultimate acceptor of electrons and it gets reduced to water.'

The NCERT text mentions, 'During the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinic acid a molecule of GTP is synthesised. This is a substrate level phosphorylation. In a coupled reaction GTP is converted to GDP with the simultaneous synthesis of ATP from ADP.'

According to the NCERT text, 'In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in the diploid somatic cells.' This implies that the resulting daughter cells will also be diploid, maintaining the chromosome number. Therefore, mitosis in animal somatic cells always produces diploid cells.

The NCERT states, 'Cell growth results in disturbing the ratio between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It therefore becomes essential for the cell to divide to restore the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.' This disturbance occurs because cell growth (in terms of cytoplasmic increase) is a continuous process, leading to a larger cytoplasmic volume relative to the nucleus. Mitosis then divides the cell, restoring the optimal ratio.

The context mentions, 'These cells that do not divide further exit $G_1$ phase to enter an inactive stage called quiescent stage ($G_0$) of the cell cycle. Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless called on to do so depending on the requirement of the organism.'

The NCERT states, 'Mitotic divisions in the meristematic tissues – the apical and the lateral cambium, result in a continuous growth of plants throughout their life.' This highlights the role of meristematic tissues in continuous plant growth through mitosis.

Mitosis is described as 'equational division' where 'the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same.' The reduction of chromosome number by half is characteristic of meiosis, not mitosis. Growth, genetic identity, and cell repair are all explicit significances of mitosis mentioned in the text.

The NCERT text specifies, 'A very significant contribution of mitosis is cell repair. The cells of the upper layer of the epidermis, cells of the lining of the gut, and blood cells are being constantly replaced.' This directly links the replacement of these cells to mitotic divisions.

The text explicitly states, 'Since the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same, it is also called as equational division.' This is the defining characteristic that gives mitosis its name 'equational division'.

The NCERT mentions an exception: 'However, there are few exceptions to this where haploid cells divide by mitosis, for example, male honey bees.' This provides a direct answer to the question.