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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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The Casparian strips, containing suberin, are present in the endodermis of monocot roots, similar to dicot roots. What is their primary function?

A. To facilitate the movement of water into the xylem. B. To initiate the formation of lateral roots. C. To provide mechanical support to the cortex. D. To regulate the passage of water and solutes into the vascular cylinder by making cell walls water-impermeable.

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Explanation

The text mentions, 'The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of casparian strips.' This structure acts as a barrier, regulating what enters the stele.

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Initiation of lateral roots in monocotyledonous roots, like dicot roots, takes place in which tissue?

A. Epidermis B. Cortex C. Endodermis D. Pericycle

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Explanation

The description for dicot roots states: 'Next to endodermis lies a few layers of thick-walled parenchyomatous cells referred to as pericycle. Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells.' The context indicates that monocot root anatomy is 'similar to the dicot root in many respects,' implying the pericycle's role in lateral root initiation applies to monocots too, though secondary growth does not occur.

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All tissues on the inner side of the endodermis in a monocot root, including the pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith, collectively constitute the:

A. Cortex B. Stele C. Epidermis D. Ground tissue

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Explanation

The context defines stele as: 'All tissues on the innerside of the endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele.'

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Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between dicot and monocot roots based on their vascular bundle arrangement and pith?

A. Dicot roots have polyarch xylem bundles and a large pith, while monocot roots have fewer xylem bundles and a small pith. B. Monocot roots have polyarch xylem bundles and a large pith, while dicot roots have fewer xylem bundles and a small pith. C. Both have polyarch xylem bundles, but monocot roots have a larger pith. D. Both have similar numbers of xylem bundles, but dicot roots have a smaller pith.

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Explanation

The text states: 'As compared to the dicot root which have fewer xylem bundles, there are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root. Pith is large and well developed' in monocots, contrasting with dicots where 'The pith is small or inconspicuous.'

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The cells between the xylem and phloem in a monocot root are part of which tissue?

A. Pericycle B. Endodermis C. Conjunctive tissue D. Cortex

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Explanation

The text explicitly states: 'The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and the phloem are called conjuctive tissue.' This is a feature common to both dicot and monocot roots described in the general root anatomy section.

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Monocotyledonous roots are described as having radial vascular bundles. What does 'radial' imply about the arrangement of xylem and phloem?

A. Xylem and phloem are arranged on the same radius. B. Xylem and phloem are arranged alternately on different radii. C. Xylem surrounds the phloem centrally. D. Phloem surrounds the xylem centrally.

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Explanation

The context states: 'When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called radial such as in roots.'

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What type of cells make up the cortex of a monocotyledonous root?

A. Thick-walled sclerenchyma cells with no intercellular spaces. B. Thin-walled collenchyma cells with large intercellular spaces. C. Several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces. D. Barrel-shaped cells without intercellular spaces.

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Explanation

The text describes the cortex as consisting 'of several layers of thin-walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces.' This is common to both dicot and monocot roots.

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The epiblema (epidermis) of a monocot root plays a crucial role similar to that in dicot roots. Which of the following is a function of the epiblema?

A. Photosynthesis B. Formation of unicellular root hairs for absorption. C. Storage of reserve food material. D. Initiation of secondary growth.

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Explanation

The text states: 'The outermost layer is epiblema. Many of the cells of epiblema protrude in the form of unicellular root hairs.' Root hairs are responsible for absorption.

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Movement and accumulation of ions across a membrane against their concentration gradient can be explained by:

A. Osmosis B. Facilitated Diffusion C. Passive Transport D. Active Transport

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Explanation

Active transport uses ATP to move solutes against the gradient.

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How many ATP and NADPH₂ are required for the synthesis of one molecule of Glucose during Calvin cycle?

A. 12 ATP and 12 NADPH₂ B. 18 ATP and 12 NADPH₂ C. 12 ATP and 16 NADPH₂ D. 18 ATP and 16 NADPH₂

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Explanation

Per glucose: 18 ATP + 12 NADPH (6 turns × 3 ATP and 2 NADPH per turn).

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