Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The correct sequence of code transfer during polypeptide formation is: DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids. This is the central dogma of molecular biology. The genetic information is transcribed from DNA to mRNA, which then travels to the ribosome. At the ribosome, tRNA brings the appropriate amino acids in sequence to form a polypeptide chain.

The best method to determine paternity is DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting analyzes the unique patterns in an individual's DNA, making it highly reliable for identifying biological relationships, including paternity.

A DNA nucleotide chain has complementary base pairing: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G). Given the sequence AGCTTCGA, the complementary sequence would be TCGAACT, corresponding to option o1.

Polysomes, also known as polyribosomes, are a cluster of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule, playing a key role in the synthesis of proteins. They facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins by enabling multiple ribosomes to read a single mRNA strand simultaneously.

Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR), also called mini-satellites, are among the families of repetitive DNA dispersed in the genome. ... The method, called DNA fingerprinting, is used to identify a particular person in forensic cases, or to establish parenthood.

The degeneracy of the genetic code refers to the fact that multiple codons can encode the same amino acid. This is why 61 codons can specify only 20 amino acids. It provides a level of redundancy, which helps to buffer against mutations in the DNA sequence.

DNA ligase is the enzyme responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication. It catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3' end of one fragment and the 5' end of another, thus creating a continuous DNA strand.

The experiment you're referring to is similar to the famous Griffith's experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae. When heat-killed pathogenic (virulent) bacteria and live non-pathogenic (non-virulent) bacteria are injected into mice, the mice develop the disease and die. This is because the non-pathogenic bacteria take up genetic material from the heat-killed pathogenic bacteria, transforming into a virulent form and causing disease.

In maize (corn), fibrous roots develop from the lower nodes of the stem. These roots are part of the adventitious root system, which helps in providing additional support to the plant.

Eichhornia, commonly known as water hyacinth, has root pockets. These root pockets help in buoyancy and are a characteristic feature of this aquatic plant.