Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

Bulliform cells are large, bubble-shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many monocots, such as grasses. These cells help in the folding and unfolding of leaves by changing their turgor pressure.

The vascular cambium and cork cambium are examples of lateral meristems. Lateral meristems are responsible for the secondary growth in plants, which increases the thickness of stems and roots. Unlike apical meristems which are found at the tips of roots and shoots, lateral meristems contribute to the growth in girth.

When a plant tissue is stained with safranin and fast green, the phloem typically appears red. Safranin stains lignified, suberized, or cutinized cell walls red, while fast green stains cellulose cell walls green. Since phloem cells are not lignified, they take up the safranin stain and appear red.

Cork cambium, also known as phellogen, produces cork cells on its outer surface. These cork cells become impermeable to water due to the accumulation of suberin, a waxy substance that reduces water loss and protects the plant from pathogens.

Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. It includes both anabolic processes, which build complex molecules from simpler ones, and catabolic processes, which break down complex molecules into simpler ones. Hence, metabolism involves both anabolic and catabolic processes.

Organisms obtain energy primarily through the process of respiration. During respiration, organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to release energy, which is then used by the organism to perform various functions necessary for life.

During respiration, food molecules such as glucose are oxidized to produce energy. The process involves the removal of electrons and hydrogen ions, which ultimately combine with oxygen to form water. This oxidation process releases energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose. Hence, the correct option is that the food is oxidised.

Glucose is the main respiratory substrate in animals. It is the primary source of energy and is metabolized during cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. While other molecules like fats and proteins can also be used, glucose is the most readily available and commonly used substrate.

Respiration is a universal process found in all living organisms, including bacteria, prokaryotes, and animals. It is essential for the production of ATP, which is necessary for various cellular functions. Therefore, respiration is found in all these categories.