Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves the oxidation of TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle substrates. The TCA cycle, coupled with the electron transport chain, leads to the production of ATP, which is the main form of biological energy.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In this process, 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH are produced. NADH is generated when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Therefore, besides ATP, NADH is a product of glycolysis.

they are seen in dicot trees and gymnosperm trees 

The electron transport system (ETS) in mitochondria is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This membrane contains the protein complexes and electron carriers required for the transport of electrons and production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

In bacteria, the site for respiration is the mesosome. Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane that are associated with cellular respiration and play a pivotal role in the process, similar to the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

Cytochrome P-450 is not a coloured cell but a family of enzymes containing iron that play a crucial role in the metabolism of drugs and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and other lipids.

In glycolysis, the enzyme enolase converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), which is a crucial step before the final conversion to pyruvate.

Oxygen is reduced to water during the electron transport chain, which is the final stage of cellular respiration occurring in the mitochondria.

Cytochromes are heme-containing proteins that play a key role in electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts. They contain iron (Fe) within the porphyrin ring which is essential for their function in redox reactions.

In the process of respiration, 2 molecules of PGAL (Phosphoglyceraldehyde) are formed during glycolysis. PGAL is not formed during the Krebs cycle, which primarily deals with the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.