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Which of the following statements correctly defines a carbohydrate according to chemical properties?
The NCERT text states: 'Chemically, the carbohydrates may be defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis.' This definition aligns with option o1.
Acetic acid (CH$_3$COOH) has the molecular formula C$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$. Why is it NOT classified as a carbohydrate, despite fitting the general formula C$_x$(H$_2$O)$_y$?
The NCERT text mentions acetic acid (CH$_3$COOH) fits the formula C$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$ but is 'not a carbohydrate.' The chemical definition of carbohydrates states they are 'optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis.' Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid, not a polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone, and it does not yield such units on hydrolysis.
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
The NCERT text classifies carbohydrates into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Under monosaccharides, it lists 'Some common examples are glucose, fructose, ribose, etc.' Sucrose and lactose are listed as disaccharides (a type of oligosaccharide), and starch is a polysaccharide.
What is the primary characteristic that differentiates oligosaccharides from monosaccharides?
The NCERT text states: 'A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolysed further to give simpler unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone is called a monosaccharide.' For oligosaccharides, it says: 'Carbohydrates that yield two to ten monosaccharide units, on hydrolysis, are called oligosaccharides.'
Which of the following polysaccharides is also known as 'animal starch' due to its structural similarity to amylopectin and its highly branched nature?
The NCERT text clearly states: 'The carbohydrates are stored in animal body as glycogen. It is also known as animal starch because its structure is similar to amylopectin and is rather more highly branched.'
All monosaccharides, whether aldose or ketose, share which of the following properties?
The NCERT text states: 'All those carbohydrates which reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollens’ reagent are referred to as reducing sugars. All monosaccharides whether aldose or ketose are reducing sugars.' Option o4 is also true for monosaccharides (by definition), but o3 describes a specific chemical property shared by all monosaccharides as 'reducing sugars'.
What is the role of cellulose in plant cells?
The NCERT text mentions: 'Cellulose occurs exclusively in plants and it is the most abundant organic substance in plant kingdom. It is a predominant constituent of cell wall of plant cells.'
Glucose is classified as an aldohexose. This means it contains:
The NCERT text states: 'Glucose is an aldohexose...' The prefix 'aldo-' indicates an aldehyde group, and '-hexose' indicates six carbon atoms (hexa-).
The molecular formula of glucose, C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$, fits the general formula C$_x$(H$_2$O)$_y$. Which of the following organic compounds, mentioned in the context, also fits this general formula but is NOT a carbohydrate?
The NCERT text states: 'For example acetic acid (CH$_3$COOH) fits into this general formula, C$_2$(H$_2$O)$_2$ but is not a carbohydrate.' Rhamnose is a carbohydrate but doesn't fit the formula. Maltose and Cellulose are carbohydrates.
What is the common name for the sugar used in homes?
The NCERT text states: 'The most common sugar, used in our homes is named as sucrose...'
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