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Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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Which of the following types of immunity involves the principle of 'memory' of the immune system?

A. Only innate immunity B. Only passive immunity C. Both active and passive immunity D. Active immunity (specifically vaccination/immunisation)

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of 'memory' of the immune system.' While acquired immunity in general has memory, the context clearly links vaccination (a form of active immunity) to this principle.

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A patient undergoing organ transplantation is administered immunosuppressants. This is necessary because:

A. The patient's immune system needs to be boosted to accept the new organ. B. The patient's body might produce antibodies against the transplant, leading to active immunity. C. The cell-mediated immune response of the host would reject the graft ('nonself'). D. The transplanted organ needs time to develop its own immune cells.

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Tissue matching, blood group matching are essential before undertaking any graft/transplant and even after this the patient has to take immunoâ€“suppresants all his/her life. The body is able to differentiate â€˜self â€™ and â€˜nonselfâ€™ and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.'

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What is the primary difference in the onset of protection between active and passive immunity?

A. Active immunity is immediate, passive immunity is delayed. B. Active immunity is delayed, passive immunity is immediate. C. Both active and passive immunity provide immediate protection. D. Both active and passive immunity provide delayed protection.

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Active immunity is slow and takes time to give its full effective response.' Conversely, passive immunity, by directly providing ready-made antibodies, offers immediate protection.

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Immunisation is based on which fundamental principle of the immune system?

A. Non-specific defense mechanisms B. The ability to differentiate 'self' from 'nonself' and generate memory cells. C. Humoral immune response only D. The phagocytic activity of macrophages.

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of 'memory' of the immune system.' The ability to differentiate 'self' and 'nonself' is also crucial for immune responses, including the memory aspect in acquired immunity targeted by immunisation.

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A person develops immunity after recovering from a natural measles infection. This type of immunity is best described as:

A. Artificially acquired active immunity B. Naturally acquired passive immunity C. Naturally acquired active immunity D. Artificially acquired passive immunity

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Explanation

When an individual recovers from a natural infection, their body has been exposed to antigens and produced its own antibodies, thus inducing active immunity. Since it occurred naturally, it is naturally acquired. The text mentions 'infectious organisms gaining access into body during natural infection induce active immunity'.

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Which statement about memory B and T-cells in the context of vaccination is correct?

A. They are produced only during natural infection and not after vaccination. B. They quickly recognize the pathogen on subsequent exposure, leading to an intensified secondary response. C. They secrete antibodies immediately upon primary exposure to the antigen. D. They are primarily involved in providing passive immunity.

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Explanation

The text states, 'The vaccines also generate memory â€“ B and T-cells that recognise the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure and overwhelm the infect ng a.

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If a person is injected with pre-formed antibodies against a certain disease, what happens to their immune system's long-term memory for that specific disease?

A. Strong long-term memory is established. B. No long-term memory is established. C. Memory cells are produced, but they are short-lived. D. Only B-cell memory is established, but not T-cell memory.

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Explanation

Passive immunity involves the direct administration of ready-made antibodies. The host's immune system is not stimulated to produce its own antibodies or memory cells. Therefore, no long-term memory is established.

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What would be the most suitable method to provide immediate protection against a rapidly acting toxin?

A. Vaccination with an attenuated form of the toxin. B. Administration of ready-made antibodies against the toxin. C. Allowing the body to be exposed to a small dose of the toxin naturally. D. Enhancing the innate immune response through a healthy diet.

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Explanation

For immediate protection, passive immunity is required, where ready-made antibodies are directly given. Active immunity (o1, o3) is slow and takes time to develop. Innate immunity (o4) is non-specific.

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Which of the following statements about Hemichordata is INCORRECT?

A. They are a small group of worm-like marine animals. B. The body is composed of an anterior proboscis, a collar, and a long trunk. C. Circulatory system is of closed type. D. Respiration takes place through gills.

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text, 'Circulatory system is of open type' in Hemichordata. Therefore, saying it is of closed type is incorrect.

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Hemichordates were previously classified as a sub-phylum under which phylum?

A. Echinodermata B. Chordata C. Mollusca D. Annelida

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Hemichordata was earlier considered as a sub-phylum under phylum Chordata. But now it is placed as a separate phylum under non-chordata.'

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