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A person with blood group O lacks which antigens on the surface of their RBCs?
Table 15.1 shows that for blood group O, the 'Antigens on RBCs' column lists 'nil', meaning both A and B antigens are absent. This is why group O individuals are 'universal donors'.
An Rh-ve person is exposed to Rh+ve blood. What is the immediate consequence in terms of immune response?
The text states: 'An Rh-ve person, if exposed to Rh+ve blood, will form specific antibodies against the Rh antigens.' This indicates a delayed immune response where antibodies are produced upon initial exposure, rather than an immediate reaction.
Why is it crucial to match blood types carefully before performing a blood transfusion?
The context explicitly states: 'You probably know that during blood transfusion, any blood cannot be used; the blood of a donor has to be carefully matched with the blood of a recipient before any blood transfusion to avoid severe problems of clumping (destruction of RBC).'
A person with blood group AB has which antibodies in their plasma?
According to Table 15.1, for blood group AB, the 'Antibodies in Plasma' column lists 'nil'. This absence of antibodies is what allows individuals with AB blood to be 'universal recipients'.
What percentage of humans are typically Rh positive ($ ext{Rh}^+$)?
The text mentions: 'Another antigen, the Rh antigen similar to one present in Rhesus monkeys (hence Rh), is also observed on the surface of RBCs of majority (nearly 80 per cent) of humans.'
If a mother is Rh-ve and carries an Rh+ve foetus, what intervention can prevent erythroblastosis foetalis in subsequent pregnancies?
The NCERT text states: 'This can be avoided by administering anti-Rh antibodies to the mother immediately after the delivery of the first child.' These anti-Rh antibodies destroy any foetal Rh+ve RBCs that entered the mother's circulation before her immune system can produce its own antibodies.
Which of the following blood groups can be donated to a person with blood group A?
Table 15.1, under 'Donor's Group' for recipient 'A', lists 'A, O'. This means a person with blood group A can receive blood from donors with blood group A or blood group O.
The ABO grouping system is based on the presence or absence of what on the RBCs?
The text states: 'ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of two surface antigens (chemicals that can induce immune response) on the RBCs namely A and B.'
A person with blood group O is considered a 'universal donor' because:
The text states: 'From the above mentioned table it is evident that group 'O' blood can be donated to persons with any other blood group and hence 'O' group individuals are called 'universal donors'.' This is because their RBCs lack both A and B antigens, so there are no antigens to react with the recipient's antibodies.
What is the primary concern if Rh antibodies from an Rh-ve mother leak into the blood of an Rh+ve foetus during subsequent pregnancies?
The context clearly states: 'In case of her subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibodies from the mother (Rh-ve) can leak into the blood of the foetus (Rh+ve) and destroy the foetal RBCs. This could be fatal to the foetus or could cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby.'
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