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Zoology MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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For studying how genes regulate and affect normal body functions, including complex factors like insulin-like growth factor, which application of transgenic animals is primarily utilized?

A. Disease modeling B. Production of therapeutic proteins C. Vaccine efficacy assessment D. Normal physiology and development studies

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Explanation

The NCERT states, '(i) Normal physiology and development: Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated, and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development, e.g., study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.' This directly addresses the question.

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Which brain region is primarily responsible for the regulation of respiratory rhythm?

A. Medulla oblongata B. Pons varolii C. Cerebellum D. Cerebrum

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text, 'A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for this regulation.'

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The pneumotaxic center, located in the pons region of the brain, has which of the following effects on respiration?

A. Increases the duration of inspiration B. Reduces the duration of expiration C. Reduces the duration of inspiration D. Directly stimulates the diaphragm

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Another centre present in the pons region of the brain called pneumotaxic centre can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. Neural signal from this centre can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.'

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A chemosensitive area adjacent to the rhythm center is highly sensitive to which of the following substances?

A. Oxygen and hydrogen ions B. Carbon dioxide and oxygen C. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions D. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

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Explanation

The NCERT chapter mentions, 'A chemosensitive area is situated adjacent to the rhythm centre which is highly sensitive to CO2 and hydrogen ions.'

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An increase in $\text{CO}_2$ and hydrogen ions in the blood will lead to which of the following responses in the respiratory system?

A. Inhibition of the chemosensitive area, leading to decreased respiratory rate B. Activation of the chemosensitive area, signaling the rhythm center to make necessary adjustments to eliminate these substances C. Direct stimulation of the diaphragm to increase inspiration D. No significant change in respiratory rhythm

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Explanation

As per the NCERT text, 'Increase in these substances [CO2 and hydrogen ions] can activate this centre, which in turn can signal the rhythm centre to make necessary adjustments in the respiratory process by which these substances can be eliminated.'

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Receptors associated with which major arteries also play a role in recognizing changes that affect respiratory regulation?

A. Pulmonary artery and vena cava B. Renal artery and subclavian artery C. Aortic arch and carotid artery D. Femoral artery and brachial artery

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery also can recognise changes...'

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The ability of humans to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit body demands is primarily controlled by which system?

A. Circulatory system B. Endocrine system C. Digestive system D. Neural system

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Human beings have a significant ability to maintain and moderate the respiratory rhythm to suit the demands of the body tissues. This is done by the neural system.'

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If the pneumotaxic center sends a strong neural signal, what would be the likely outcome on the respiratory rate?

A. Decrease in respiratory rate B. Increase in respiratory rate C. No change in respiratory rate D. Irregular breathing pattern

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Explanation

The neural signal from the pneumotaxic center 'can reduce the duration of inspiration and thereby alter the respiratory rate.' A reduction in inspiratory duration would lead to a more frequent cycle of breathing, thus increasing the respiratory rate.

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Neural regulation of respiration ensures that $\text{O}_2$ is continuously provided to the cells and $\text{CO}_2$ produced by the cells is released out. This process, involving exchange of gases between the atmosphere and cells, is commonly known as:

A. Digestion B. Respiration C. Circulation D. Excretion

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Explanation

The introductory part of the chapter mentions, 'This process of exchange of O2 from the atmosphere with CO2 produced by the cells is called breathing, commonly known as respiration.'

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Which of the following describes the symmetry typically found in members of Phylum Porifera?

A. Radial symmetry B. Bilateral symmetry C. Asymmetrical D. Biradial symmetry

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Explanation

According to NCERT, 'Members of this phylum are ... mostly asymmetrical animals'.

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