NEET Practice Questions (MCQs) with Answers & Solutions

Ecosanitation, or ecological sanitation, is the correct answer as it is not associated with bad health of ecosystems. Ecosanitation is a sustainable approach to sanitation that aims to safely recycle nutrients back to the environment, reduce water pollution, and improve health. On the other hand, biomagnification, eutrophication, and jhum cultivation are processes that can negatively impact ecosystem health.

The connecting link between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is Acetyl CoA. After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA before it enters the Krebs cycle. This conversion involves the removal of a carbon atom from pyruvate, releasing it as CO₂ and linking the remaining two-carbon molecule to Coenzyme A.

A respirometer is an apparatus used to measure the rate of respiration and the Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.). It measures the volume of oxygen consumed and/or the volume of carbon dioxide produced by an organism, which are crucial for determining the rate of respiration and the R.Q.

The terminal cytochrome of the respiratory chain which donates electrons to oxygen is Cytochrome a₃. This cytochrome is a part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex (Complex IV) in the electron transport chain and is responsible for the final step of electron transfer to oxygen, forming water.

Respiratory Quotient (R.Q) is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen consumed during respiration. For different respiratory substrates, R.Q varies. When malic acid (a type of organic acid) is used as a substrate, it typically shows a higher R.Q value compared to glucose, fats, or proteins. This is because malic acid contains more oxygen in its structure, leading to a higher ratio of CO₂ production to O₂ consumption.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves the oxidation of TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle substrates. The TCA cycle, coupled with the electron transport chain, leads to the production of ATP, which is the main form of biological energy.

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. In this process, 2 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADH are produced. NADH is generated when glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Therefore, besides ATP, NADH is a product of glycolysis.