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An ideal gas expands at a constant external pressure of 2.0 atmosphere by 20 litre and absorbs 10kJ of heat from surrounding. What is the change in internal energy of the system:-

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Explanation

U = q + W

      = q - PV = 10x1000 -2(20) x101.3 = 5948 J

The temperature of an ideal gas expansion increases in an:-

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Explanation

In adiabatic compression, work is converted into heat because the transfer of heat is not allowed.

36 ml of pure water takes 100 sec to evaporate from a vessel and heater connected to an electric source which delivers 806 watt. The Hvaporisation of H2O is:-

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Explanation

1 watt = 1 J/sec

Total heat supplied for 36 ml H2O = 806 x 100 =  80600 J

            Hvap. = 80600/36  x 18   = 40300 J/mol = 40.3 kJ/mol

5 moles of an ideal gas expands isothermally and irreversibly from a pressure of 10 atm to 1 atm against a constant external pressure of 1 atm. find the Wirr at 300 K:-

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Explanation

Wirr = -Pext[nRTP2-nRTP1]

Wirr = -1 x (5 x 8.314/1000 x 300) x(1 - 1/10)

       = -11.224 KJ

In the reaction at 300 K

H2(g) + Cl2(g)2HCl(g)       H°= -185 kJ

if 2 mol of H2 completely react with 2 mole of Cl2 to form HCl. What is U° for this reaction:-

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Explanation

 ng=0  fpr 2 mol (H2)   

    H°=U°U°=-185 x 2 = -370 kJ 

Predict which of the following reaction(s) has a positive entropy change?

(i) Ag+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)

(ii) NH4Cl(g) NH3(g) + HCl(g)

(iii) 2NH3(g)N2(g) + 3H2(g)

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Explanation

 ng = (+ve)

 

When two moles of an ideal gas (Cp, m=52R) heated from 300 K to 600 K at constant pressure the change in entropy of gas (S) is:-

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Explanation

 S=nCplnT2T1 + nRlnV2V1

           = 2 x 52Rln(600/300) + 2xRln(2V/V) = 7Rln2

The free energy change G=0 when:-

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Explanation

When G=0              Equilibrium

         G=(+ve)       Non spontaneous

         G=(-ve)        Spontaneous

For isothermal expanison in case of an ideal gas:-

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Explanation

For ideal gas isothermal expansion

H=0G=-TS

At 25°C, for the process H2O(l)H2O(g);

G° is 8.6 kJ. The vapour pressure of water at this temperature is nearly:-

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Explanation

At equilibrium G° = -RTlnKeq

 KeqPH2O/P° and P°= 1 bar

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