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$F e C r_{2} O_{4}$ (chromite) is converted to Cr by following steps :

$C h r o m i t e \overset{I}{\to} N a C r O_{4} \overset{I I}{\to} C r_{2} O_{3} \overset{I I I}{\to} C r$

Reagents in I, II and III step might be:

I-Step II-Step III-Step

$N a_{2} C o_{3} / a i r, ∆$ C C

NaOH/air, $∆$ C, $∆$ Al, $∆$

$N a_{2} C o_{3} / a i r, ∆$ C, $∆$ C, $∆$

conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}, ∆$ $N H_{4} C l, ∆$ $C, ∆$

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Explanation

(b) $C h r o m i t e \overset{N a O H / a i r, ∆}{\to} N a C r O_{4} \overset{C, ∆}{\to} C r_{2} O_{3} \overset{A l, ∆}{\to} C r$

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The anode mud in the electrolytic refining of silver contains:

Zn, Cu, Ag, Au

Zn, Ag, Au

Cu, Ag, Au

Au only

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Explanation

(d) Metals, which are less reactive than Ag, remain in anode mud, and metals which are more reactive than Ag metal will be in the electrolyte solution.

In electrolytic refining of copper, the common elements present in anode mud are selenium, tellurium, silver, gold, platinum, and antimony.

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Incorrect statement in electrolysis of $A l_{2} O_{3}$ by Hall-Heroult process is:

Cryolite $N a_{3} [A l F_{5}]$ lower the m.pt. of $A l_{2} O_{3}$ and increase its electrical conductivity

Al is obtained at cathode and $C O_{2}$ at anode

$L i_{2} C O_{3}$ can be used in place of cryolite ( $N a_{3} A I F_{6}$ )

$M g F_{2}$ can be used in place of flourspare $(C a F_{2})$

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Explanation

(d) $M g^{2 +}$ cation will be preferentially discharged than $A l^{3 +}$ at cathode.

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Correct match is:

Bayer's method $—$ $N a_{2} C O_{3}$

Matte $—$ $98 % C u_{2} S + 2 % F e S$

van Arkel method $—$ $A g I$

Thomas slag $—$ Raw material for cement industry

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Explanation

(b) Roasted mass obtained from roasting step is called matte. $(98 % C u_{2} S + 2 % F e S)$

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In the purification of impure nickel by Mond's process, metal is purified by:

Electrolytic reduction

Vapour phase thermal decomposition

Thermite reduction

Carbon reduction

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Explanation

(b) $\underset{(I m p u r e)}{N i} + 4 C O \overset{50 ° t o 60 °}{\to} \underset{V o l a t i l e c o m p o u n d}{[N i {(C O)}_{4}] ↑} \overset{200 t o 230 ° C}{\to} \underset{P u r e}{N i} + 4 C O ↑$

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The reduction of an oxide by aluminium is called:

Bayer's process

Goldschmidt's aluminothermite process

Hall's process

van Arkel process

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Select the correct statement.

In the decomposition of an oxide into oxygen and gaseous metal, entropy increases.

Decomposition of an oxide is an endothermic change.

To make $∆ G °$ negative, temperature should be high enough so that $T ∆ S ° > ∆ H °$ .

All are correct statements.

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Explanation

(D)

(A), (B) and (C) statements are correct.

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Which of the following statement is incorrect about the extractive metallurgy of copper?

Matte chiefly consists of cuprous sulphide and some ferrous sulphide.

Most of the impurity of iron sulphide is removed as fusible slag during roasting.

The copper pyrites is concentrated by froth floatation process.

self reduction and electrolysis respectively.

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Explanation

(B) Most of the impurity of iron sulphide is removed during smelting, $2 F e S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 F e_{3} O + 2 F e O + 2 S O_{2}$

$F e O + S i O_{2} \to F e S i O_{3} (3)$

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Pb and Sn are extracted from their chief ore by:

carbon reduction and self-reduction respectively.

self-reduction and carbon reduction respectively.

electrolysis and self-reduction respectively.

self-reduction and self-reduction respectively.

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Explanation

P b S + 2 P b O \to 3 P b + S O_{2} (s e l f r e d u c t i o n)

$S n O_{2} + C \to S n + C O (c a r b o n - r e d u c t i o n)$

$S n O_{2} + 2 C O \to S n + 2 C O_{2}$ ( Sn reduction)

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Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Cassiterite ore of tin contains the impurities of Wol-framite which are separated by electromagnetic separator.

Tin metal is obtained by the carbon reduction of black tin.

In the extraction of lead from galena, the roasting and self-reduction are carried in the same furnace at different temperatures.

Reducing agent of haematite in blast-furnace is coke in upper part and CO in lower part of furnace.

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Explanation

(D) (A) Cassiterite contains iron and manganese tungstate, called as Wol-framite.

They have magnetic properties.

(B) Purified ore that contains 70% $S n O_{2}$ is called black tin.

$S n O_{2} + 2 C \to S n + 2 C O$ (carbon reduction)

(C) Roasting is done at moderate temperature in presence of air in reverberatory furnance. Then air supply is stopped and temperature is increased to melt the mass when self-reduction takes place.

(D) At 500 - 800K (lower temperature range in the upper part of blast furnance)

$3 F e_{2} O_{3} + C O \to 2 F e_{3} O_{4} + C O_{2}$

$F e_{3} O_{4} + C O \to 3 F e + 4 C O_{2}$

$F e_{2} O_{3} + C O \to 2 F e O + C O_{2}$

At 900 - 1500 K (higher temperature range in the lower part of blast furnance):

$C + C O_{2} \to 2 C O; F e O + C O \to F e + C O_{2}$

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