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All Physics Chemistry Botany Zoology

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The logistic population growth model, dN/dt = rN (K - N/K), describes a populations growth when an upper limit to growth is assumed. This upper limit to growth is known as the population's ________, and as N gets larger, dN/dt ________:

Biotic potential, increases

Biotic potential, decreases

Carrying capacity, increases

Carrying capacity, decreases

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Explanation

(page-231)

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In a population growth rate curve the lag phase represents the period when a population is adjusting to a new environment.
II. In a population growth rate curve the steepest part of growth phase represents the period when a population is growing exponentially.
III. In the stationary phase of a population growth rate curve the population is in dynamic equilibrium
IV. Human have changed the carrying capacity of the earth.

All are correct

I, II, III

II, III

I, IV

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Explanation

All of the above mentioned statements with respect to population growth rate curve are correct.

(page- 230,231)

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The evolution of the animal immune system was probably driven by:

Herbivores pushing the animals toward extinction

The selective pressures of parasitic and disease organisms

Competition between the animals and their habitats

Symbiosis between the animals and their predators

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Explanation

Parasites have evolved to be host-specific in such a way that both host and the parasite tend to co-evolve; that is, if the host evolves special mechanisms for rejecting or resisting the parasite, the parasite has to evolve mechanisms to counteract and neutralise them, in order to be successful with the same host species.

Thus evolution of animal immune system depends on the selective pressures of parasitic and disease organisms.

(page-235)

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Connell's elegant field experiments are related to:

Paramecium

Barnacles

Viruses

Protozoans

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Explanation

Connell’s field experiment was related to dominancy of large barnacles- Balanus over small balanus- Chathalamus on rocky sea coast.

(page-235)

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Select the false one:

The niche of a population is the set of conditions and resources it uses

Competitive exclusion principle was first described by Gause, for species of Paramecium

If a new predator is introduced to an area with a type of prey that is limited in number the prey species is likely to decrease and possibly become extinct

None of the above

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Explanation

All of the above statements are correct.

(page-235)

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A bird introduced from another country became a serious pest due to:

Better adaptation to new area

More sexual reproduction

Better nesting habitats

Absence of natural competition

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Explanation

When a foreign bird is introduced into a new habitat, due to different feeding requirements, there is no competitor present, due to which it became a serious pest.

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Through resource partitioning:

Two species can compete for the same prey

Slight variation in niche allow closely related species to co-exist in the same habitat

Competitive exclusion results in the success of the superior species

Two species undergo character displacement that allows them to compete

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Explanation

If two species compete for the same resource, they could avoid competition by choosing, for instance, different times for feeding or different foraging patterns. This is resource partitioning allows species facing competition to evolve mechanisms that promote co-existence rather than exclusion.

(page-235)

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When the value of 'r' is significantly low as compared to another species, it is better known by:

Competition exclusion

Interference competition

Resource partition

Competitive release

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Explanation

The r is called the ‘intrinsic rate of natural increase’ and is a very important parameter chosen for assessing impacts of any biotic or abiotic factor on population growth.

One organism prevent another organism from using the resource in interference competition.

(page-230)

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At the trophic level of consumers, the rate at which food energy is assimilated, is called:

Secondary productivity

Gross primary productivity

Net primary productivity

None of these

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Explanation

Secondary production represents the formation of living mass of a heterotrophic population or group of populations over some period of time. It is the heterotrophic equivalent of net primary production by autotrophs.

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The major reservoir for phosphorous is

Aquifers

Soil and rocks

The atmosphere

Clouds

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Explanation

Read page 254, XII NCERT

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