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NEET Practice Questions (MCQs) with Answers & Solutions

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The blood from the glomerulus is carried away by:

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

Peritubular capillary network

Renal vein

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Explanation

Answer: 2

Read page 292,XI NCERT

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Blood doping means use of banned substances by athletes that have a favorable effect on erythrocyte count by stimulating the bone marrow. The source of such a hormone can be the human:

Spleen

Heart

Kidney

Lungs

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Explanation

Answer: 3

Kidney produces erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow to produce more RBCs.

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The condition where urea accumulates in blood is:

Glycosuria

Uremia

Ketonuria

Acidosis

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Explanation

XI NCERT, PAGE No 298

EXCRETORY PRODUCTS AND THEIR ELIMINATION

19.8 DISORDERS OF THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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Juxta glomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

DCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

DCT and the Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

PCT and Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

PCT and Efferent ateriole at the point of their contact

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Explanation

Page 294, XI NCERT

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Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) will promote a(n) ________ in the excretion of sodium and water; thus ________ blood volume and blood pressure.

decrease, decreasing

decrease; increasing

increase, decreasing

increase, increasing

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Explanation

ANH or ANF opposes RAAS

Page 297, XI NCERT

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Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the nephron will result in

more diluted urine

more concentrated urine

no change in quality and quantity of urine

no urine formation

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Explanation

The removal of proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) from the nephron results in lack of reabsorption of high threshold substances from renal tubules and obligatory reabsorption of water is also affected leading to more diluted urine. Since PCT is associated with reabsorption of much water by osmosis and glucose and amino acids by secondary active transport and other salts and ions as sodium and potassium by primary active transport.

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Which of the following statements is correct?

The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water

The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water

The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes

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Explanation

(a) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to K⁺, Cl^- and Na⁺ and partially permeable to urea. Due to this, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride are reabsorbed here making the filterate hypotonic.

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A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of

renin

atrial natriuretic factor

aldosterone

ADH

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Explanation

(b) A decrease in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of renin, aldosterone, and ADH while increase in blood pressure / volume stimulates the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF). Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is produced during increased blood pressure/volume. It can cause vasodilation and there by, decrease the blood pressure, therefore, option (b) is correct.

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The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is

distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule

descending limb of Henle's loop

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Explanation

(b) Proximal convoluted tubule is involved in active reabsorption of sodium. The majority (about 70%) of sodium is reabsorbed here, into the cytosol of the epithelial cells of the nephron.

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Human urine is usually acidic because

the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries

excreted plasma proteins are' acidic

potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate

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Explanation

(d) The proximal tubule is the portion of nephron of the kidney which leads from the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate. Due to the H⁺ ions the human urine is usually acidic. Thus H⁺ are actively secreted into the filtrate is the correct option.

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