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NEET NEET Questions — Free MCQ Practice

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A person passes much urine and drinks much water but his blood glucose level is normal. This condition may be the result of:

A.

A reduction in insulin secretion from pancreas

B.

A reduction in vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary.

C.

A fall in the glucose concentration in urine

D.

An increase in secretion of glucagon

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Explanation

(b) Vasopressin or ADH secreted from posterior pituitary stimulates reabsorption of water by the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting renal tubules and thus regulates urine volume. It has no such important effect on glucose metabolism. Therefore, a person whose blood glucose level is normal, but passes much urine and drinks much water has a reduction in vasopressin secretion which ultimately leads to diabetes insipidus.

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Which one of the following is correct regarding the excretion?

A.

Large amount of water from renal filtrate is reabsorbed in DCT and a less amount is reabsorbed by PCT.

B.

The descending limb of loop of Henle is completely impermeable to salts.

C.

Malpighian corpuscle is found in medulla region of kidney

D.

The colour of urine is pale yellow and is slightly alkaline in nature.

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Explanation

(b) In descending limb of loop of Henle, the water is reabsorbed from filtrate flowing in it due to increasing osmolarity of interstitial fluid. Sodium and other solutes are not reabsorbed here. The filtrate becomes hypertonic to blood plasma. All nephrons have their renal Malpighian corpuscles in the cortex. Cortical nephrons have their loop of Henle in the renal medulla near its junction with the renal cortex, while the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is located deep in the renal medulla; they are called juxtamedullary because their renal corpuscle is located near the medulla (but still in the cortex).

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Which of the following is true for excretion in humans?

A.

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in PCT by simple diffusion.

B.

DCT is impermeable to water.

C.

On an average, 25-30 gm of urea is excreted out per day.

D.

Maximum reabsorption occurs in the loop of Henle.

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Explanation

(c) Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in PCT by secondary active transport. Water, sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed in DCT. It is permeable to water. Maximum reabsorption takes place within the PCT. Humans are ureotelic and excrete out 25-30 gm of urea per day.

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Which part of the nephrons is impermeable to water?

A.

Proximal convoluted tubule

B.

Distal convoluted tubule

C.

Ascending limb of loop of Henle

D.

Descending limb of loop of Henle

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Explanation

(c) : Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water. It does not reabsorb water rather sodium, potessium, magnesium and chloride are reabsorbed and therefore the filtrate becomes hypotonic to blood plasma.

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Which of the following process of urine formation takes place all along the renal tubule and collecting duct?

A.

Ultrafiltration and tubular reabsorption

B.

Ultrafiltration and tubular secretion

C.

Tubular reabsorption and secretion

D.

Anti-current mechanism and reabsorption

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Explanation

(c) Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion takes place all along the renal tubule and collecting duct while ultrafiltration takes place in renal corpuscle. Anti-current mechanism helps in concentration of urine.

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Hypothalamus is stimulated by osmoreceptors and make the neurohypophysis to release

A. ADH B. Vasopressin C. Both A or B D. Oxytocin

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Explanation

NCERT page number 297

19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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ADH has no effects over

A. Latter parts of tubules B. Kidney C. Blood vessels D. Liver

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Explanation

NCERT page number 297

19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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ADH cannot cause

A. Blood pressure increase B. Glomerular Blood Flow increase C. Increase in GFR D. Loosening of Glomerular capillary

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Explanation

NCERT page number 297

19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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Which of the following is a powerful vasoconstrictor?

A. Angiotensinogen B. Angiotensin I C. Angiotensin II D. Rennin

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Explanation

NCERT page number 297

19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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Angiotensin II has effects over

A. Adrenal medulla B. Adrenal cortex C. Blood vessels D. Both B and C

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Explanation

NCERT page number 297

19.5 Regulation of Kidney Function

Excretory Products And Their Elimination

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