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If you observe a plot of length of an organ against time and obtain a linear curve, what type of growth does it represent?
According to the NCERT, 'On plotting the length of the organ against time, a linear curve is obtained' in arithmetic growth, as shown in Figure 13.5.
Which type of growth is characterized by the ability of both progeny cells to divide after mitotic division, often seen in early embryonic development?
The NCERT states regarding geometric growth: 'Here, both the progeny cells following mitotic cell division retain the ability to divide and continue to do so.' Stages during embryo development often show geometric phases.
In the context of growth rates, 'efficiency index' is another term for which parameter in the exponential growth equation?
The NCERT text clarifies, '$r$ is the relative growth rate and is also the measure of the ability of the plant to produce new plant material, referred to as efficiency index.'
Which of the following hormones is NOT an amino-acid derivative?
According to the NCERT text, amino-acid derivatives include epinephrine. Norepinephrine is also an amino acid derivative. Thyroxine (iodothyronine) is derived from tyrosine, an amino acid. Cortisol, on the other hand, is a steroid hormone. Therefore, Cortisol is not an amino-acid derivative.
Hormones that interact with membrane-bound receptors primarily achieve their cellular effects by:
The NCERT text states: 'Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic AMP, IP3, Ca++ etc) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism'.
Which of the following is true regarding peptide, polypeptide, and protein hormones?
Peptide, polypeptide, and protein hormones (e.g., insulin, glucagon) are listed as a group. The text also mentions that 'Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers'. Since peptide/protein hormones are water-soluble and generally do not cross the cell membrane, they interact with membrane-bound receptors and utilize second messengers.
An example of a steroid hormone among the following is:
The NCERT text explicitly lists 'steroids (e.g., cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone)'. Insulin and glucagon are peptide/polypeptide hormones, and adrenaline (epinephrine) is an amino-acid derivative.
Hormones that regulate gene expression or chromosome function typically interact with:
The NCERT text states: 'Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors (e.g., steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc.) mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by the interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome'.
Which of the following endocrine glands primarily secretes hormones that are peptide in nature?
The NCERT list of hormone chemical natures includes 'peptide, polypeptide, protein hormones (e.g., insulin, glucagon, pituitary hormones, hypothalamic hormones, etc.)'. The adrenal cortex and gonads primarily secrete steroid hormones, and the thyroid gland secretes iodothyronines.
The formation of a hormone-receptor complex leads to:
The NCERT text says: 'Binding of a hormone to its receptor leads to the formation of a hormone-receptor complex. ... Hormone-Receptor complex formation leads to certain biochemical changes in the target tissue.'
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The bank mixes NEET previous year questions (PYQs) with practice questions, each tagged with its exam appearances where applicable.