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What is the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) definition of biotechnology?
The NCERT text explicitly states the EFB definition as: 'The integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services'.
Which of the following is a primary step in the downstream processing of a foreign gene product?
One of the provided blurbs mentions: 'The processes include separation and purification, which are' part of downstream processing. The summary also states 'purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.' Option 3 is directly related to downstream processing, which happens after large-scale production.
What is the significance of using bioreactors in biotechnology?
The summary section states: 'Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.' This highlights their role in scaling up production.
Bioprocess engineering in biotechnology primarily focuses on:
The NCERT text defines Bioprocess engineering as: 'Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.'
Which of the following is an example of an application of biotechnology in the healthcare sector, as mentioned in the text?
The text states: 'Recombinant DNA technological processes have made immense impact in the area of healthcare by enabling mass production of safe and more effective therapeutics.'
Why are recombinant therapeutics considered advantageous over similar products isolated from non-human sources?
The NCERT text explains: 'Since the recombinant therapeutics are identical to human proteins, they do not induce unwanted immunological responses and are free from risk of infection as was observed in case of similar products isolated from non-human sources.'
What is the final stage of obtaining a foreign gene product after purification, as outlined in the summary?
The summary states: 'expression of the foreign gene, purification of the gene product, i.e., the functional protein and finally making a suitable formulation for marketing.'
According to IUPAC nomenclature guidelines for elements with atomic number Z > 100, which of the following is the correct name for the element with Z = 104?
As per Table 3.4 and 3.5 in the NCERT text, the numerical roots for the digits 1, 0, and 4 are 'un', 'nil', and 'quad' respectively. Combining these in order of the atomic number digits (1-0-4) gives 'Unnilquad', and adding 'ium' at the end makes it Unnilquadium.
What is the IUPAC symbol for the element with the temporary name Unnilennium?
According to Table 3.5 of the NCERT text, the IUPAC symbol for Unnilennium (atomic number 109) is 'Une'. The symbols are derived from the first letter of each root: un (U), nil (n), enn (e).
Mendelevium is the official IUPAC name for an element. What was its temporary IUPAC name?
Table 3.5 lists Mendelevium as the official name with atomic number 101, and its IUPAC temporary name is Unnilunium. The component roots are 'un' for 1, 'nil' for 0, and 'un' for 1.
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