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Root apical meristem contributes primarily to:
The context mentions that 'root apical meristem... are responsible for the primary growth of the plants and principally contribute to the elongation of the plants along their axis.'
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of growth phases, starting from the tip of a root?
The NCERT text describes the sequence from the tip: 'The constantly dividing cells... represent the meristematic phase... The cells proximal (just next, away from the tip) to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Further away from the apex, i.e., more proximal to the phase of elongation, lies the portion of axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation.' Thus, the order is Meristematic → Elongation → Maturation.
In the context of the phases of growth in plants, which region contains cells with abundant plasmodesmatal connections and thin, cellulosic primary cell walls?
The NCERT states, 'The constantly dividing cells... represent the meristematic phase of growth. The cells in this region... Their cell walls are primary in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.'
A single maize root apical meristem can give rise to more than 17,500 new cells per hour. This phenomenon primarily expresses growth as:
The NCERT text explicitly states: 'one single maize root apical mersitem can give rise to more than 17,500 new cells per hour... In the former, growth is expressed as increase in cell number.'
What is the primary characteristic that differentiates cells of the maturation phase from those of the elongation phase?
The NCERT text describes the maturation phase cells as those that 'attain their maximal size in terms of wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications.' These features distinguish them from elongation phase cells, which are primarily characterized by increased vacuolation and cell enlargement.
The development of a mature plant from a zygote involves a precise and highly ordered succession of events. This process is best described as the sum of which two fundamental processes?
The NCERT text mentions, 'Development is the sum of two processes: growth and differentiation.'
Which of the following statements about plant growth is FALSE?
The NCERT text states, 'in dicotyledonous plants and gymnosperms, the lateral meristems, vascular cambium and cork-cambium appear later in life. These are the meristems that cause the increase in the girth of the organs in which they are active. This is known as secondary growth of the plant.' Apical meristems are responsible for primary growth (elongation).
Consider the following features: I. Rich in protoplasm II. Thin cellulosic primary cell walls III. Large conspicuous nuclei IV. Abundant plasmodesmatal connections V. Increased vacuolation Which of these features are characteristic of the meristematic phase of growth?
The NCERT text describes meristematic cells as 'rich in protoplasm, possess large conspicuous nuclei. Their cell walls are primary in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.' Increased vacuolation is characteristic of the elongation phase.
The growth of a watermelon cell, where its size increases by upto 3,50,000 times, primarily indicates growth in terms of:
The NCERT text states: 'cells in a watermelon may increase in size by upto 3,50,000 times... the latter expresses growth as increase in size of the cell.'
Which of the following statements correctly describes the general trend in ionization enthalpy across a series of transition elements?
The NCERT states, 'There is an increase in ionisation enthalpy along each series of the transition elements from left to right due to an increase in nuclear charge which accompanies the filling of the inner d orbitals.' It also mentions that the 'nuclear charge increases from scandium to zinc but electrons are added to the orbital of inner subshell, i.e., 3d orbitals. These 3d electrons shield the 4s electrons from the increasing nuclear charge somewhat more effectively than the outer shell electrons can shield one another. Therefore, the atomic radii decrease less rapidly. Thus, ionization energies increase only slightly along the 3d series.'
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