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Which of the following organisms was found very suitable by T.H. Morgan for the experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
The text mentions: 'Morgan worked with the tiny fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Figure 4.10), which were found very suitable for such studies.'
Sutton and Boveri united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles to formulate which theory?
The text states: 'Sutton united the knowledge of chromosomal segregation with Mendelian principles and called it the chromosomal theory of inheritance.'
Which of the following is NOT a reason why Drosophila melanogaster was suitable for genetic studies by Morgan?
The text lists several reasons for suitability but does not mention 'high blending of parental traits'. In fact, Mendel's work emphasized the lack of blending. The reasons provided are: 'They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory. They complete their life cycle in about two weeks, and a single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies. Also, there was a clear differentiation of the sexes – the male and female flies are easily distinguishable. Also, it has many types of hereditary variations that can be seen with low power microscopes.'
The correlation between Mendel’s laws of segregation and the location of genes was strengthened after observing that:
The summary states: 'After knowing that the genes are located on the chromosomes, a good correlation was drawn between Mendel’s laws : segregation and...'
According to Sutton and Boveri, what leads to the segregation of a pair of factors (genes)?
The text states: 'Sutton and Boveri argued that the pairing and separation of a pair of chromosomes would lead to the segregation of a pair of factors they carried.'
Morgan's dihybrid crosses in Drosophila, studying sex-linked genes, showed a significant deviation from the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio. This observation indicated:
The text mentions: 'He observed that the two genes did not segregate independently of each other and the F2 ratio deviated very significantly from the 9:3:3:1 ratio (expected when the two genes are independent). Morgan and his group knew that the genes were located on the X chromosome... and saw quickly that when the two genes in a dihybrid cross were situated on the same chromosome, the proportion of parental gene combinations were much higher than the non-parental.'
The concept that 'the genes were located on the X chromosome' was utilized by Morgan to explain deviations in F2 ratios. This signifies the importance of:
The study of chromosomes and their role in heredity falls under cytogenetics. Morgan's work directly linked gene behavior to chromosome behavior, a core aspect of cytogenetics.
Mendel's Law of Segregation can be explained by the process of gamete formation during which:
The text explains: '...when the tall and dwarf plant produce gametes, by the process of meiosis, the alleles of the parental pair separate or segregate from each other and only one allele is transmitted to a gamete. This segregation of alleles is a random process...'
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a probable reason for the alarming growth rate of the Indian population as per the provided text?
The text states: 'A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR) as well as an increase in number of people in reproducible age are probable reasons for this.' An increased maternal mortality rate would generally lead to a decrease, not an increase, in population growth.
The RCH (Reproductive Child Health) programme in India has had what effect on the population growth rate?
The text states: 'Through our Reproductive Child Health (RCH) programme, though we could bring down the population growth rate, it was only marginal.'
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