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Gene therapy is primarily aimed at treating:
The text clearly states, 'Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual’s cells and tissues to treat diseases especially hereditary diseases.'
What is one of the ways transgenic animals are specifically designed to aid in the study of normal physiology and development?
The NCERT text says, 'Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated, and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development, e.g., study of complex factors involved in growth such as insulin-like growth factor.'
Which of the following represents a principle of gene therapy as described in the provided text?
The text states, 'It does so by replacing a defective mutant allele with a functional one or gene targeting which involves gene amplification.' Option o2 directly reflects this principle.
The use of viruses as vectors in gene therapy leverages their natural ability to:
The text specifies, 'Viruses that attack their hosts and introduce their genetic material into the host cell as part of their replication cycle are used as vectors to transfer healthy genes or more recently portions of genes.' This highlights their natural gene delivery mechanism.
Which of the following problems is NOT associated with using large objective lenses in refracting telescopes?
According to the NCERT text, 'Such big lenses tend to be very heavy and therefore, difficult to make and support by their edges. Further, it is rather difficult and expensive to make such large sized lenses which form images that are free from any kind of chromatic aberration and distortions.' The 'absence of image inversion' is not listed as a problem associated with the objective lens itself, but rather an issue that terrestrial telescopes address with additional inverting lenses. Refracting telescopes can produce inverted images, but this is a characteristic, not a problem inherent in large objective lenses.
For an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment, the length of the telescope tube is given by:
The NCERT text states, 'In this case, the length of the telescope tube is $f_o + f_e$.' This refers to a refracting telescope when the final image is formed at infinity (normal adjustment).
The magnifying power of a refracting telescope is given by the ratio of the focal length of the objective lens ($f_o$) to the focal length of the eyepiece ($f_e$). If a telescope has an objective of focal length 100 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 1 cm, what is its magnifying power?
The NCERT text provides an example: 'For example, consider a telescope whose objective has a focal length of 100 cm and the eyepiece a focal length of 1 cm. The magnifying power of this telescope is m = 100/1 = 100.' This directly applies the formula $m = f_o / f_e$.
What are the two main considerations for an astronomical telescope, as mentioned in the NCERT text?
The NCERT excerpt states, 'The main considerations with an astronomical telescope are its light gathering power and its resolution or resolving power.'
The resolving power of an optical telescope primarily depends on:
The NCERT text mentions, 'The resolving power, or the ability to observe two objects distinctly... also depends on the diameter of the objective. So, the desirable aim in optical telescopes is to make them with objective of large diameter.'
Why do modern telescopes often use a concave mirror instead of a lens for the objective?
The NCERT states, 'For these reasons, modern telescopes use a concave mirror rather than a lens for the objective. Telescopes with mirror objectives are called reflecting telescopes. There is no chromatic aberration in a mirror.'
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