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Which of the following alkyl halides shows the highest reactivity towards amines in ammonolysis?
The NCERT states, 'The order of reactivity of halides with amines is RI > RBr > RCl.' This indicates that alkyl iodides are the most reactive.
A reaction converting an ethanolic solution of ammonia with Câ‚‚Hâ‚…Cl will lead to the formation of:
The NCERT explains that ammonolysis (reaction of alkyl halides with ethanolic NH₃) 'has the disadvantage of yielding a mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and also a quaternary ammonium salt.'
Which of the following compounds, adrenaline and ephedrine, contain a secondary amino group and are used to increase blood pressure?
The introductory text states, 'Two biologically active compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both containing secondary amino group, are used to increase blood pressure.'
pKb value of ammonia is 4.75. Given this, what can be inferred about the basic strength of aliphatic amines?
The NCERT states, 'pKb value of ammonia is 4.75. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia due to +I effect of alkyl groups leading to high electron density on the nitrogen atom. Their pKb values lie in the range of 3 to 4.22.' A smaller pKb value indicates a stronger base.
Why is reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid preferred for reducing nitro compounds to amines?
The NCERT states, 'Reduction with iron scrap and hydrochloric acid is preferred because FeClâ‚‚ formed gets hydrolysed to release hydrochloric acid during the reaction. Thus, only a small amount of hydrochloric acid is required to initiate the reaction.'
Amines are considered derivatives of ammonia. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in amines?
The NCERT text states, 'Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore, sp³ hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal.'
What is the primary objective of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 in India?
The context explicitly states: 'The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017 was enacted by the government of India with the intension of reducing the incidence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality and morbidity.'
Which of the following describes 'induced abortion'?
The NCERT states: 'Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion.'
The Government of India legalized MTP in 1971 primarily to:
The text mentions: 'Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse. Such restrictions are all the more important to check indiscriminate and illegal female foeticides which are reported to be high in India.'
Approximately what fraction of total conceived pregnancies globally end in MTPs annually?
The text states: 'Nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/5th of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.'
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