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What is the physical meaning of $Av$ in the equation of continuity $Av = ext{constant}$?
The NCERT text explicitly states 'Av gives the volume flux or flow rate and remains constant throughout the pipe of flow.'
When does a steady fluid flow become turbulent?
The text mentions, 'Steady flow is achieved at low flow speeds. Beyond a limiting value, called critical speed, this flow loses steadiness and becomes turbulent.'
Consider a horizontal pipe through which an incompressible fluid flows. If the fluid passes from a wider section to a narrower section, what can be inferred about the fluid's acceleration?
From the equation of continuity, as the area decreases, the velocity increases. An increase in velocity over time implies acceleration. The text states, 'From (Fig 9.7b) it is clear that $A_R > A_Q$ or $v_R < v_Q$, the fluid is accelerated while passing from R to Q'.
Which of the following is an assumption made when applying the equation of continuity for $Av = ext{constant}$?
The NCERT text specifies that 'For flow of incompressible fluids $\rho_P = \rho_R = \rho_Q$' and then states 'Equation (9.9) reduces to $A_P v_P = A_R v_R = A_Q v_Q$ (9.10) which is called the equation of continuity and it is a statement of conservation of mass in flow of incompressible fluids.'
What happens to the density of an incompressible fluid as it flows through a pipe with varying cross-sections?
The definition of an incompressible fluid implies that its density remains constant, regardless of changes in pressure or flow characteristics. The text states, 'For flow of incompressible fluids $\rho_P = \rho_R = \rho_Q$'.
Which of the following describes the central nervous system in chordates?
According to Table 4.1 in the NCERT text, the central nervous system in chordates is dorsal, hollow, and single. In contrast, non-chordates have a ventral, solid, and double central nervous system.
Which of these features is unique to chordates among the options listed, as compared to non-chordates?
While chordates exhibit bilateral symmetry, organ-system level of organisation, and a closed circulatory system, these features are not unique to them as some non-chordates also possess these. The presence of pharyngeal gill slits is one of the fundamental distinguishing features of chordates, as stated in the NCERT text (Figure 4.16 and Table 4.1).
Protochordates are characterized by being exclusively:
The NCERT text states, 'Subphyla Urochordata and Cephalochordata are often referred to as protochordates... and are exclusively marine.'
In which subphylum of Chordata does the notochord extend from head to tail region and persist throughout their life?
The NCERT text specifies, 'In Urochordata, notochord is present only in larval tail, while in Cephalochordata, it extends from head to tail region and is persistent throughout their life.'
Which of the following is an example of an organism from the subphylum Urochordata?
The NCERT text provides 'Examples: Urochordata – Ascidia, Salpa, Doliolum; Cephalochordata – Branchiostoma (Amphioxus or Lancelet).'
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The bank mixes NEET previous year questions (PYQs) with practice questions, each tagged with its exam appearances where applicable.