NEET Practice Questions (MCQs) with Answers & Solutions

Bacteria are ideal for the amplification of DNA because of 2 reasons; their short doubling time; and availability extensive knowledge and tools for manipulating the bacteria. The short doubling time is advantageous because it will provide enough amounts of amplified DNA (of our interest) in a short span of time.

The Ti plasmid (Tumor-inducing plasmid) is a type of plasmid that naturally occurs in the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This plasmid is responsible for transferring genetic material from the bacterium to the plant, causing crown gall disease. Scientists use this ability to introduce new genes into plants in genetic engineering.

For recombination to occur, DNA ligase is essential. DNA ligase is an enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. This is crucial for the ligation of DNA fragments during the recombination process.

Ti Plasmid (Tumor-inducing Plasmid) is derived from the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens and is commonly used in genetic engineering to transfer new genes into plant cells. It has the ability to integrate a segment of its DNA (T-DNA) into the plant genome, making it a powerful tool for plant genetic modification.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a DNA segment into millions of copies. This is achieved by using a DNA polymerase enzyme to replicate the DNA in vitro, making it a crucial method for DNA analysis and research.

Retroviruses are a type of virus that have RNA as their genetic material. Upon infecting a host cell, the RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA, which can then integrate into the host genome. This characteristic is essential for their replication and lifecycle.

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, which is a crucial step in genetic engineering. These enzymes create recombinant DNA molecules by cutting and rejoining DNA fragments from different sources.

Restriction enzymes are crucial tools in genetic engineering as they cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate and study genes. This makes the pair correctly matched.

Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA. They are commonly found in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, making this the correct answer.

Genetic engineering aims to add new DNA to an organism to add one or more new favorable traits which are not found in that organism.