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Consider elastic collision of a particle of mass m moving with a velocity u with another particle of the same mass at rest. After the collision the projectile and the struck particle move in directions making angles θ1 and θ2 respectively with the initial direction of motion. The sum of the angles. θ1 + θ2, is 

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Explanation

If the masses are equal and target is at rest and after collision both masses moves in different direction. Then angle between direction of velocity will be 90°, if collision is elastic.

A rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40cm. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder,if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N?

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Explanation

The force applied on the rope provides a torque about the axis of the cylinder, given by F × r = 30 × 0.4 = 12 Nm. The moment of inertia of a hollow cylinder about its axis is MR^2/2. Using torque = I × α, we get α = 12/(3×0.4^2/2) = 25 rad/s^2.

Two discs of same moment of inertia rotating about their regular axis passing through centre and perpendicular to the plane of disc with angular velocities ω1  and ω2. They are brought into contact face to face coinciding the axis of rotation.  The expression for loss of energy during this proces is 

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Explanation

(d) Thinking Process

When no external torque acts on system then, angular momentum of system remains constant.

Angular momentum before contact    = I1ω1+I2ω2

Angular momentum after the discs brought into contact.   

         =Inetω=I1+I2ω

So, final angular speed of system=ω

 =I1ω1+I2ω2I1+I2

Now, to calculate loss of energy, we subtract initial and final energies of system.     Loss of energy      =12Iω12+12Iω22-122Iω2     =14Iω1-ω22

 

A bullet of mass 10g moving horizontal with a velocity of 400 m/s strikes a wood block of mass 2 kg which is suspended by light inextensible string of length 5 m. As result, the centre of gravity of the block found to rise a vertical distance of 10 cm. The speed of the bullet after it emerges of horizontally from the block wiil be 

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Explanation



 

(c) According to the law of consevation of  momentum.        

pi=pf  0.01×400+0=2v+0.01v'    ..(i)

Also velocity v of the block just after the collision is 

          v=2gh=2×10×0.1=2       ...(ii)

 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have      v'=120 m/s   

 

Two identical balls A and B having velocities of 0.5 m/s and -0.3 m/s respectively collide elastically in one dimension. The velocities of B and A after the collision respectively will be 

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Explanation

 

(b) Key Idea :

In elastic collision,kinetic energy of the system remains unchanged and momentum is also conserved. 

It is given that mass of balls are same and collision is perfectly elastic (e=1) so their velocities will be interchanged. 

Thus, vA'= vB=-0.3 m/s, vB'=vA=0.5 m/s 

 

Two rotating bodies A and B of masses m and 2m with moments of inertia IA and IB(IB>IA) have equal kinetic energy of rotation. If LA and LB be their angular momenta respectively, then 

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Explanation

 

(c) As we know that, the kinetic energy of a rotating body,

             KE=12Iω2=12I2ω2I=L22l

Also, angular momentum,L=lω

Thus,        KA=KB

     12LA2IA=12LB2IB  LALB2=IAIB LALB=IAIB

LI LA<LB                         IB>IA

 

A solid sphere of mass m and radius R is rotating about its diameter. A soild cyclinder of the same mass and same radius is also rotating about its geometrical axis with an angular speed twice that of the sphere. The ratio of their kinetic energies of rotation Esphere/Ecylinder  will be 

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Explanation

 

(b) Key Idea KE of a rotating rigid body, KE=12Iω2

 KE of sphere, Ks=12Iω12

                 =12×25mR2ω22=15mR2ω12       

KE of cylinder, Kc=1212mR2ω22=14mR2ω22

   KsKc=mR2ω125mR2ω124=45ω12ω22

=45ω122ω12=15(given, ω2=2ω1)                   

 

From a disc of radius R and mass M, a circular hole of diameter R, whose rim passes through the centre is cut. What is the moment of inertia of the remaining part of the disc about a perpendicular axis, passing through the centre ?

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Explanation

The moment of inertia of a solid disc about its perpendicular axis through the center is MR^2/2. The moment of inertia of a circular hole of radius R/2 is (MÏ€R^4)/(64Ï€(R/2)^2) = MR^2/16. Therefore, the remaining part has a moment of inertia of MR^2/2 - MR^2/16 = 13MR^2/32.

Two particles A and B. move with constant velocities v1 and v2. At the initial moment, their position vectors are r1 and r2 respectively. The condition for particles A and B for their collision is-


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A force F=ai^+3j^+6k^ is acting at a point r=2i^-6j^-12k^. The value of α for which angular momentum about origin is conserved is

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Explanation

Key Concept : When the resultant external torque acting on a system is zero, the total angular momentum of a system remains constant. This is the principle of the conservation of angular momentum.

Given, force F=αi^+3j^+6k^ is acting at a point r=2i^-6j^-12k^
As, angular momentum about origin is conserved i.e. τ=constant

=> Torque,τ=0

=> r x F=0


|i^   j^   k^|
|2-6 -12| =0 
|α  3   6|

=> (-36+36)i^-(12+12α)j^+(6+6α)k^=0

=> 0i^-12(1+α)j^+6(1+α)k^=0

=> 6(1+α)=0=> α=-1

So, value of  α for angular momentum about origin is conserved, α=-1

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