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Biodiversity and its Conservation MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

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The diversity of plants and animals is not uniform globally, often exhibiting a latitudinal gradient. How does species diversity generally change as one moves from the equator towards the poles?

A. It generally increases. B. It generally decreases. C. It remains constant. D. It fluctuates unpredictably.

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly states regarding latitudinal gradients: 'In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.'

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What percentage of the world's land area does India account for, and what is its corresponding share of global species diversity?

A. 2.4% land area, 8.1% species diversity B. 8.1% land area, 2.4% species diversity C. 10% land area, 5% species diversity D. 5% land area, 10% species diversity

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Explanation

The text states: 'Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the worldâ€™s land area, its share of the global species diversity is an impressive 8.1 per cent.'

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According to May's global estimates, what percentage of the total species have been recorded so far?

A. 70% B. 22% C. 50% D. 1.5 million

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Explanation

The text mentions: 'If we accept Mayâ€™s global estimates, only 22 per cent of the total species have been recorded so far.'

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Based on May's estimates and India's recorded diversity, how many plant species are estimated to be yet undiscovered in India?

A. More than 45,000 B. More than 1,00,000 C. More than 3,00,000 D. More than 1.5 million

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Explanation

The text states: 'Applying this proportion to Indiaâ€™s diversity figures, we estimate that there are probably more than 1,00,000 plant species and more than 3,00,000 animal species yet to be discovered and described.'

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Which of the following is NOT given as an explanation for why tropics show greater levels of species richness?

A. Tropics had more evolutionary time B. They provide a relatively constant environment C. They receive more solar energy D. Lower predation pressure

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Explanation

The context lists three explanations: 'Tropics had more evolutionary time; they provide a relatively constant environment and, they receive more solar energy which contributes to greater productivity.' Lower predation pressure is not mentioned.

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What is the approximate total number of plant and animal species described so far, according to IUCN (2004)?

A. Slightly more than 1.5 million B. 7 million C. 20 to 50 million D. 100,000

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Explanation

The text mentions: 'According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2004), the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than 1.5 million.'

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Among the major taxonomic groups, which group comprises more species than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?

A. Insects B. Algae C. Fungi D. Angiosperms

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Explanation

The text states: 'The number of fungi species in the world is more than the combined total of the species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.'

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What percentage of all recorded species are animals?

A. More than 22% B. More than 70% C. Exactly 70% D. Less than 50%

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Explanation

The text specifies: 'More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total.'

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What is the primary reason conventional taxonomic methods are not suitable for identifying many prokaryotic species?

A. They are too small to be seen. B. Many species are not culturable under laboratory conditions. C. Prokaryotes lack distinct morphological features. D. They reproduce too quickly for classification.

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Explanation

The text explains: 'The problem is that conventional taxonomic methods are not suitable for identifying microbial species and many species are simply not culturable under laboratory conditions.'

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Which of the following describes the general pattern of species diversity with respect to latitude?

A. Decreases towards the equator B. Increases towards the poles C. Decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles D. Uniformly distributed globally

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Explanation

The text states: 'In general, species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.'

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