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Organism and Population MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

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The extinction of the Abingdon tortoise in the Galapagos Islands following the introduction of goats is cited as an example of:

A. Resource partitioning B. Competitive exclusion C. Commensalism D. Mutualism

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Explanation

The text provides this as 'persuasive circumstantial evidence' for competitive exclusion: 'The Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos Islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island, apparently due to the greater browsing efficiency of the goats.'

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According to the text, for competition to occur, resources:

A. Must always be limiting. B. Need not be limiting, as seen in interference competition. C. Are irrelevant, as it's solely about direct conflict. D. Are primarily a factor only in laboratory experiments.

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Explanation

The text explicitly states: 'resources need not be limiting for competition to occur; in interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources (food and space) are abundant.'

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Which of the following interactions results in both species suffering a negative impact?

A. Predation B. Parasitism C. Competition D. Commensalism

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Explanation

The summary section states: 'Depending on the outcome, these interactions between two species are classified as competition (both species suffer)...' and also earlier mentions 'both lose in competition in their interactions with each other.'

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In the context of organic evolution, Darwin considered interspecific competition as:

A. A minor factor in speciation. B. A potent force in organic evolution. C. An interaction limited to closely related species. D. Primarily a mechanism for resource distribution.

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Explanation

The text states: 'When Darwin spoke of the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest in nature, he was convinced that interspecific competition is a potent force in organic evolution.'

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Which group of organisms appears to be more adversely affected by competition, according to the text?

A. Carnivores B. Herbivores and plants C. Microbes D. Omnivores

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Explanation

The text notes: 'In general, herbivores and plants appear to be more adversely affected by competition than carnivores.'

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The example of visiting flamingoes and resident fishes competing for zooplankton in shallow South American lakes illustrates that:

A. Competition only occurs between closely related species. B. Competition can occur between totally unrelated species for the same resource. C. Resource limitation is not necessary for competition in this specific case. D. Interference competition is more common than exploitative competition.

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Explanation

The text states: 'Firstly, totally unrelated species could also compete for the same resource. For instance, in some shallow South American lakes, visiting flamingoes and resident fishes compete for their common food, the zooplankton in the lake.'

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A key characteristic of competition, as opposed to predation or parasitism, is that:

A. Only one species is harmed. B. Both interacting species suffer a negative impact. C. One species benefits while the other is unaffected. D. The interaction always involves direct physical contact.

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Explanation

The summary section explicitly states that in competition, 'both species suffer'.

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Interference competition is characterized by:

A. Scarcity of resources leading to direct confrontation. B. Indirect competition for a shared limiting resource. C. Reduced feeding efficiency of one species due to the inhibitory presence of another, even with abundant resources. D. The complete elimination of one species by another.

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Explanation

The text defines interference competition: 'in interference competition, the feeding efficiency of one species might be reduced due to the interfering and inhibitory presence of the other species, even if resources (food and space) are abundant.'

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Which of the following describes the interaction where one species benefits and the other is negatively affected?

A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Parasitism D. Amensalism

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Explanation

According to the NCERT text, 'In both parasitism and predation only one species benefits (parasite and predator, respectively) and the interaction is detrimental to the other species (host and prey, respectively).' Therefore, parasitism fits this description.

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Which of the following is a key characteristic of endoparasites compared to ectoparasites, as mentioned in the NCERT text?

A. Simpler life cycles B. Morphological and anatomical features are greatly simplified C. Higher dependence on host's external environment D. Emphasis on reduced reproductive potential

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Explanation

The NCERT states, 'Their morphological and anatomical features are greatly simplified while emphasising their reproductive potential.' This highlights the simplification of their physical structures due to extreme specialization as endoparasites.

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