Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants MCQs for NEET — Botany Questions with Answers

Parthenocarpy is a process of developing fruits without involving fertilisation/seed formation. Therefore, the seedless varieties of economically important fruits like orange, banana, watermelon, lemon, etc. are produced using this technique. This technique involves inducing fruit formation by the application of plant growth hormones such as auxins.

(d) Honey is made by bees by nectar and pollens. Bees collect pollen and nectar in the spring when most flowers and plants are in bloom. They collect them in their stomach about an hour, the nector mixes with the proteins and enzymes produced by bees, which convert nectar into honey.

(c) In some seeds like black pepper and beet, remnants of nucellus are also persistent this persistent nucellus is called perisperm. The cells of endosperm tissue are filled with reserve food materials and are used for the nutrition of the developing embryo. The main difference is perisperm is present in seeds and endosperm is present in developing embryo as its reserved food which is completely consumed by is during development

In majority of angiosperms, the pollen grains are shed from the anther at the bicelled (2-celled) stage. But in some genera (both the monocots and dicots), the generative cell divides prior to the dehiscence of the anther and pollen grain is shed at 3-celled stage. Approximately 70% species shed their pollen at the 2-celled stage and 30% at 3-celled stage. 

Apogamy is the formation of a sporophyte from a gametophyte by asexual means such as budding, rather than by sexual fertilization. Sporogenesis is the production or formation of spores. Apospory is the formation of a gametophyte from a sporophyte by asexual means without meiosis or spore formation. Gametogenesis is the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis.

MMC (Microspore mother cells) are diploid cells derived form the sporogeneous tissue of the anther which undergo meiosis to form tetrads of haploid microsprores which further mature to form pollen grains.

In apple, the fruit is called a pome. It is a fleshy false fruit which develops from fleshy thalamus. The true fruit containing seeds remains inside. The edible part is the fleshy thalamus. 

Cross pollination involves transfer of pollen grains from the flower of one plant to the stigma of the flower of another plant. It is also called xenogamy or allogamy. Autogamy is self fertilization. Cleistogamy is the process of pollination and fertilization which takes place before the flower has opened. Geiotonogamy is the cross pollination between two flowers on the same plant. 

The seeds of castor (Ricinus communis) is often referred to as castor bean, exhibits a great range of variations in size and colour and shows great resemblance to a tick or beetle in having a slick mottled testa. The seed contains a tiny embryo with a distinct radicle, an undifferentiated plumule and 2 flat thin papery cotyledons embedded in the endosperm. Castor bean seeds (malphghiales) are a classical seed system to study endosperm reserve breakdown.

The ubisch bodies are spheroidal structures only a few microns in diameter. they are produced by the glandular tapetum and are involved in the external thickening of the xine, whose pattern is laid down by the spore cytoplasm in the tetrad stage.