Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The NCERT clearly states, 'The breakdown of the protons gradient due to movement through the F0 part of the ATPase enzyme releases enough energy for synthesis of ATP.' This indicates that the potential energy of the proton gradient is directly harnessed for ATP production.

The NCERT summary states, 'After absorbing light, electrons are excited and transferred through PS II and PS I and finally to NAD forming NADH. During this process a proton gradient is created across the membrane of the thylakoid.' This establishes the direct link between electron transport and proton gradient formation.

The NCERT text states: 'The constantly dividing cells... represent the meristematic phase of growth. The cells in this region are rich in protoplasm, possess large conspicuous nuclei. Their cell walls are primary in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.'

According to the NCERT text, 'The cells proximal (just next, away from the tip) to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this phase.'

The NCERT text specifies: 'Further away from the apex, i.e., more proximal to the phase of elongation, lies the portion of axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation. The cells of this zone, attain their maximal size in terms of wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications.'

The NCERT text states that 'Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this [elongation] phase.' Significant protoplasmic modifications and maximal size are characteristic of the maturation phase, not the elongation phase.

The context mentions that 'root apical meristem... are responsible for the primary growth of the plants and principally contribute to the elongation of the plants along their axis.'

The NCERT text describes the sequence from the tip: 'The constantly dividing cells... represent the meristematic phase... The cells proximal (just next, away from the tip) to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Further away from the apex, i.e., more proximal to the phase of elongation, lies the portion of axis which is undergoing the phase of maturation.' Thus, the order is Meristematic → Elongation → Maturation.

The NCERT states, 'The constantly dividing cells... represent the meristematic phase of growth. The cells in this region... Their cell walls are primary in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.'

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'one single maize root apical mersitem can give rise to more than 17,500 new cells per hour... In the former, growth is expressed as increase in cell number.'