Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

The NCERT states, 'When carbohydrates are used as substrate and are completely oxidised, the RQ will be 1, because equal amounts of $CO_2$ and $O_2$ are evolved and consumed, respectively, as shown in the equation below: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Energy$ . Thus, RQ = $6/6 = 1$.'

Differentiation is the act leading to maturation where cells undergo structural changes. The text states: 'For example, to form a tracheary element, the cells would lose their protoplasm. They also develop a very strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls, to carry water to long distances even under extreme tension.'

The NCERT text clearly states: 'The living differentiated cells, that by now have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation.'

The NCERT text provides this specific example: 'For example, formation of meristems – interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells' as an instance of dedifferentiation.

Following dedifferentiation, the text describes: 'merge, such meristems/tissues are able to divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to perform specific functions, i.e., get redifferentiated.'

The NCERT text states: 'Now, we may say that even differentiation in plants is open, because cells/tissues arising out of the same meristem have different structures at maturity.'

The text mentions: 'The final structure at maturity of a cell/tissue is also determined by the location of the cell within.'

Figure 13.8, 'Sequence of the developmental process in a plant cell', clearly illustrates the pathway: MERISTEMATIC CELL → Plasmatic growth → Expansion (Elongation) → Differentiation → Maturation → MATURE CELL.

The text states: 'Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures. This ability is called plasticity, e.g., heterophylly in cotton, coriander and larkspur.'

The text states: 'During differentiation, cells undergo few to major structural changes both in their cell walls and protoplasm. For example, to form a tracheary element, the cells would lose their protoplasm. They also develop a very strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls...'