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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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The process described as 'development is the sum of growth and differentiation' also highlights plant's ability to be flexible. This flexibility is termed:

A. Homeostasis B. Adaptation C. Plasticity D. Evolvability

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Explanation

The text integrates these concepts: 'Since differentiation in plants is open, the development could also be flexible, i.e., the development is the sum of growth and differentiation. Plant exhibit plasticity in development.'

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Which of the following layers is common to both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous roots?

A. Epidermis B. Endodermis C. Pericycle D. All of the above

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Explanation

The anatomy of the monocot root is similar to the dicot root in many respects. It has epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles and pith.

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Monocotyledonous roots are characterized by a pith that is:

A. Small and inconspicuous B. Large and well developed C. Absent D. Present only in young roots

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Explanation

In monocotyledonous roots, the pith is large and well developed, as stated in the NCERT text: 'Pith is large and well developed.'

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The vascular bundles in monocot roots are described as:

A. Conjoint and closed B. Conjoint and open C. Radial with more than six xylem bundles D. Radial with two to four xylem bundles

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Explanation

The context states: 'When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called radial such as in roots.' And specifically for monocot roots: 'As compared to the dicot root which have fewer xylem bundles, there are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root.'

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Arrange the following layers of a monocotyledonous root from the periphery to the center:

A. Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, Pericycle, Pith, Vascular bundles B. Epidermis, Cortex, Pericycle, Endodermis, Vascular bundles, Pith C. Epidermis, Endodermis, Cortex, Pericycle, Pith, Vascular bundles D. Epidermis, Pericycle, Cortex, Endodermis, Vascular bundles, Pith

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Explanation

Based on Figure 6.3 (b) and the general description of root anatomy, the layers from periphery to center are Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, Pericycle, Phloem, Xylem (vascular bundles), and Pith.

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the secondary growth in monocotyledonous roots?

A. They undergo extensive secondary growth. B. They undergo limited secondary growth. C. They do not undergo any secondary growth. D. Secondary growth occurs only in the pericycle.

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Explanation

The NCERT text clearly states: 'Monocotyledonous roots do not undergo any secondary growth.'

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What is the primary difference in vascular tissue organization between monocot and dicot roots?

A. Presence of cambium in monocot roots. B. Radial arrangement in dicot roots, conjoint in monocot roots. C. More than six xylem bundles in monocot roots (polyarch). D. Absence of phloem in monocot roots.

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Explanation

The text states: 'As compared to the dicot root which have fewer xylem bundles, there are usually more than six (polyarch) xylem bundles in the monocot root.' Both dicot and monocot roots have radial vascular bundles.

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In monocotyledonous roots, the vascular bundles are characterized by:

A. The presence of cambium between xylem and phloem. B. Jointly situated xylem and phloem along the same radius. C. An alternate arrangement of xylem and phloem along different radii. D. Absence of phloem parenchyma.

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Explanation

The text states for roots: 'When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along the different radii, the arrangement is called radial such as in roots.' This applies to both monocot and dicot roots. Monocot roots specifically lack cambium and do not have conjoint bundles.

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The innermost layer of the cortex in a monocot root, similar to a dicot root, is called the:

A. Pericycle B. Epidermis C. Endodermis D. Pith

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Explanation

The internal tissue organisation of roots includes: 'The innermost layer of the cortex is called endodermis.' This feature is shared between monocot and dicot roots.

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What is the nature of the casparian strips found in the endodermis of a monocot root?

A. Depositions of lignin, making them water-permeable. B. Depositions of suberin, making them water-impermeable. C. Depositions of cellulose, providing structural support. D. Absent in monocot roots.

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Explanation

The endodermis 'comprises a single layer of barrel-shaped cells without any intercellular spaces. The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water -impermeable, waxy material suberin in the form of casparian strips.' This applies to both dicot and monocot roots, as monocot root anatomy is 'similar to the dicot root in many respects.'

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