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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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What is the primary reason that DNA from any tissue (e.g., blood, hair follicle, skin) from an individual is suitable for DNA fingerprinting?

A. Different tissues have unique DNA sequences for identification. B. The DNA in all tissues of an individual shows the same degree of polymorphism. C. Only specific somatic tissues contain repetitive DNA. D. Germline mutations are only present in specific tissues.

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Explanation

The NCERT text clearly states: 'Since DNA from every tissue (such as blood, hair -follicle, skin, bone, saliva, sper m etc.), from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications.'

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Polymorphism at the DNA sequence level serves as the basis for which of the following applications mentioned in the text?

A. Studying expressed sequence tags (ESTs) B. Developing automated DNA sequencers C. Genetic mapping of human genome and DNA fingerprinting D. Determining amino acid sequences in proteins

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Explanation

The NCERT text explicitly states: 'As polymorphism in DNA sequence is the basis of genetic mapping of human genome as well as of DNA fingerprinting...'

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In the process of DNA fingerprinting using Southern blot hybridization, what is the role of the VNTR probe?

A. To cut the DNA into fragments. B. To separate DNA fragments by size. C. To hybridize with the specific repetitive DNA sequences. D. To transfer fragmented DNA to a membrane.

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Explanation

The text mentions 'hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe', indicating its role in binding to complementary sequences to allow for detection.

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A schematic representation of DNA fingerprinting (Figure 5.16) shows the banding pattern of DNA from a crime scene matching with individual B. This implies:

A. Individual B is definitely innocent. B. Individual A is the perpetrator. C. Individual B is a suspect or the source of the crime scene DNA. D. DNA fingerprinting is inconclusive in this case.

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Explanation

Figure 5.16 caption states: 'It is clear that the banding pattern of DNA from crime scene matches with individual B, and not with A.' This match indicates individual B's DNA is consistent with the crime scene sample, making them a suspect or the origin of the sample.

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Why is DNA fingerprinting considered a 'very quick way' to compare DNA sequences of individuals, compared to sequencing the entire genome?

A. It analyzes coding regions only, which are smaller. B. It focuses on highly polymorphic repetitive DNA regions, avoiding full genome sequencing. C. It uses a simpler, less expensive sequencing technology. D. It amplifies whole DNA rather than specific regions.

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Explanation

The text explains: 'sequencing the DNA every time would be a daunting and expensive task... DNA fingerprinting is a very quick way to compare the DNA sequences of any two individuals' by identifying 'differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence called as repetitive DNA, because in these sequences, a small stretch of DNA is repeated many times.'

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In DNA fingerprinting, what would be the expected outcome if an inheritable germ cell mutation does not impair an individual's ability to have offspring?

A. The mutation will be eliminated from the population. B. The mutation will only affect somatic cells. C. The mutation can spread to subsequent generations. D. The mutation will lead to immediate phenotypic changes in the individual.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'If a germ cell mutation does not seriously impair individualâ€™s ability to have offspring who can transmit the mutation, it can spread to the other members of population (through sexual reproduction).'

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Which of the following correctly lists the type of membrane used for transferring separated DNA fragments in DNA fingerprinting, as described?

A. Agarose gel B. Polyacrylamide gel C. Nitrocellulose or nylon D. Cellophane

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Explanation

The steps mention: '(iv) transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon'.

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Paternity testing in cases of disputes relies on DNA fingerprinting because:

A. Individuals inherit entirely new DNA sequences from their children. B. Polymorphisms in DNA sequences are not inheritable. C. Polymorphisms in DNA sequences are inheritable from parents to children. D. Paternity can only be determined by comparing mitochondrial DNA.

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Explanation

The text states: 'Further, as the polymorphisms are inheritable from parents to children, DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in case of disputes.'

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What is the primary characteristic of satellite DNA that allows it to be separated from bulk genomic DNA during density gradient centrifugation?

A. Its protein-coding nature. B. Its unique base composition, length of segment, and number of repetitive units. C. Its ability to form a major peak. D. Its presence in only a few specific chromosomes.

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Explanation

The NCERT text says: 'These repetitive DNA are separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation... Depending on base composition (A : T rich or G:C rich), length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories...'

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A DNA polymorphism is traditionally described when more than one variant (allele) at a locus occurs in the human population with a frequency greater than:

A. 0.1 B. 0.05 C. 0.01 D. 0.001

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Explanation

The NCERT text defines a DNA polymorphism: 'Allelic... sequence variation has traditionally been described as a DNA polymorphism if more than one variant (allele) at a locus occurs in human population with a frequency greater than 0.01.'

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