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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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Mendel initially referred to the units controlling characters as 'factors.' Which of the following statements best describes the subsequent understanding of these 'factors'?

A. They are now known as genes and are located on chromosomes. B. They are equivalent to proteins that directly determine phenotype. C. They represent the chemical composition of carbohydrates in the cell. D. They are abstract concepts without a physical basis.

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Explanation

The NCERT text states: 'He proposed that the â€˜factorsâ€™ (later named as genes) regulating the characters are found in pairs known as alleles.' and 'After knowing that the genes are located on the chromosomes, a good correlation was drawn between Mendelâ€™s laws: segregation and...' This directly indicates that Mendel's 'factors' were later identified as genes located on chromosomes.

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The 'Search for Genetic Material' became a central focus in biology after Mendel's work. What was the primary reason for this shift in focus, as implied by the provided text?

A. To understand the role of environmental factors in inheritance. B. The nature of the 'factors' determining phenotype was not clear, prompting investigation into the genetic material's structure. C. To develop new methods for artificial selection in agriculture. D. To explore the mathematical logic behind inheritance patterns.

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Explanation

The text states: 'However the nature of those â€˜factorsâ€™ which determine the phenotype was not very clear. As these â€˜factorsâ€™ represent the genetic basis of inheritance, understanding the structure of genetic material and the structural basis of genotype and phenotype conversion became the focus of attention in biology for the next century.' This clearly indicates that the unclear nature of the 'factors' led to the search for genetic material.

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Which of the following scientists is not mentioned in the provided text as contributing significantly to the development of molecular biology after Mendel's work?

A. Watson B. Crick C. Mendel D. Khorana

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Explanation

The text lists Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, Kornbergs (father and son), Benzer, Monod, Brenner as major contributors to molecular biology after Mendel. Mendel's work preceded and laid the foundation for the 'Search for Genetic Material', but he himself is not mentioned as a molecular biologist who contributed after this search began.

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The provided text highlights a shift in biological focus. What was the consequence of understanding the structure of genetic material and the structural basis of genotype and phenotype conversion?

A. The development of new plant varieties through traditional breeding methods. B. The invention of the microscope, aiding in cellular observation. C. The emergence of the 'entire body of molecular biology'. D. complete rejection of Mendel's principles of inheritance.

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Explanation

The text explicitly states: 'The entire body of molecular biology was a consequent development with major contributions from Watson, Crick, Nirenberg, Khorana, Kornbergs (father and son), Benzer, Monod, Brenner, etc.' This directly links the understanding of genetic material structure to the rise of molecular biology.

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What key contribution did Gregor Mendel make to the understanding of inheritance, as described in the provided context?

A. He discovered the double helix structure of DNA. B. He proposed the concept of 'factors' that regulate characters and follow definite patterns of inheritance. C. He identified specific genes responsible for various human diseases. D. He developed techniques for sequencing entire genomes.

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Explanation

The text states: 'Mendel proposed the principles of inheritance, which are today referred to as â€˜Mendelâ€™s Laws of Inheritanceâ€™. He proposed that the â€˜factorsâ€™ (later named as genes) regulating the characters are found in pairs known as alleles.' This summarizes Mendel's key contribution.

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The application of 'statistical analysis and mathematical logic' to problems in biology for the first time was a hallmark of whose work?

A. Watson and Crick B. Gregor Mendel C. Hershey and Chase D. Frederick Sanger

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Explanation

The NCERT states: 'During Mendelâ€™s investigations into inheritance patterns it was for the first time that statistical analysis and mathematical logic were applied to problems in biology.'

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What was the significance of Mendel's large sampling size in his hybridization experiments?

A. It allowed him to observe blending inheritance more clearly. B. It enabled the discovery of new traits not previously documented. C. It gave greater credibility to the data he collected. D. It complicated the analysis of his results, leading to re-evaluation.

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Explanation

The text mentions: 'His experiments had a large sampling size, which gave greater credibility to the data that he collected.'

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Which of the following is not one of the contrasting traits of pea plants studied by Mendel?

A. Stem height: Tall/dwarf B. Seed shape: Round/wrinkled C. Leaf arrangement: Alternate/opposite D. Flower colour: Violet/white

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Explanation

Table 4.1 in the provided text lists 'Stem height', 'Flower colour', 'Flower position', 'Pod shape', 'Pod colour', 'Seed shape', and 'Seed colour' as contrasting traits studied by Mendel. Leaf arrangement is not mentioned.

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According to Mendel's observations on the F1 generation from a cross between tall and dwarf pea plants, what was the phenotypic outcome?

A. All F1 progeny were dwarf. B. All F1 progeny were tall. C. F1 progeny showed a blend of tall and dwarf characteristics. D. Half of the F1 progeny were tall, and half were dwarf.

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Explanation

The text states: 'Mendel observed that all the F1 progeny plants were tall, like one of its parents; none were dwarf'.

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What is the primary role of a 'true-breeding line' in genetic experiments, as defined in the context?

A. To show blending inheritance across generations. B. To produce sterile offspring for genetic analysis. C. To exhibit stable trait inheritance and expression after continuous self-pollination. D. To spontaneously generate new mutations for diversity studies.

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Explanation

The text defines a true-breeding line as 'one that, having undergone continuous self-pollination, shows the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.'

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