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Botany MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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The provided text discusses the enrichment of understanding regarding the molecular basis of evolution. Which of the following areas is not explicitly mentioned as contributing to this understanding?

A. Molecular genetics B. Structural biology C. Bioinformatics D. Paleontology

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Explanation

The text states: 'Awareness in the areas of molecular genetics, structural biology and bio informatics have enriched our understanding of the molecular basis of evolution.' Paleontology is not mentioned in this context.

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Which statement accurately describes the expression of traits in Mendel's F2 generation from a monohybrid cross?

A. Only the dominant parental trait was expressed. B. Both parental traits were expressed, with no blending, in a 3:1 ratio (dominant:recessive). C. All offspring displayed an intermediate phenotype. D. The recessive trait completely disappeared.

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Explanation

The text states: 'at the F2 stage both the traits were expressed in the proportion 3:1. The contrasting traits did not show any blending at either F1 or F2 stage.'

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What mechanism explains why alleles of a parental pair separate or segregate from each other during gamete formation, as inferred by Mendel?

A. Fertilization B. Mitosis C. Meiosis D. Translocation

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Explanation

The text explains: '...when the tall and dwarf plant produce gametes, by the process of meiosis, the alleles of the parental pair separate or segregate from each other and only one allele is transmitted to a gamete.'

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A Punnett Square is a graphical representation used for what purpose in genetics?

A. To determine the date of plant pollination. B. To visually depict chromosome structure. C. To calculate the probability of all possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross. D. To measure the height of pea plants across generations.

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Explanation

The text defines it as: 'It is a graphical representation to calculate the probability of all possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross.'

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What term is used to describe the physical expression of characters in an organism, contrasted with its genetic makeup?

A. Genotype B. Phenotype C. Allele D. Factor

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Explanation

The text states: 'The factors (now known as gene) on chromosomes regulating the characters are called the genotype and the physical expression of the characters is called phenotype.'

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Which of the following describes a key characteristic of cells in the meristematic phase of growth?

A. Increased vacuolation and cell enlargement B. Rich in protoplasm, large conspicuous nuclei, thin cellulosic cell walls C. Attain maximal size with wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications D. Characterized by differentiation and maturation into specialized tissues

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Explanation

As per NCERT, 'The constantly dividing cells, both at the root apex and the shoot apex, represent the meristematic phase of growth. The cells in this region are rich in protoplasm, possess large conspicuous nuclei. Their cell walls are primary in nature, thin and cellulosic with abundant plasmodesmatal connections.'

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In which phase of growth do cells primarily undergo increased vacuolation, cell enlargement, and new cell wall deposition?

A. Meristematic phase B. Elongation phase C. Maturation phase D. Senescent phase

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Explanation

NCERT states, 'The cells proximal (just next, away from the tip) to the meristematic zone represent the phase of elongation. Increased vacuolation, cell enlargement and new cell wall deposition are the characteristics of the cells in this phase.'

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What is the consequence of increase in protoplasm at a cellular level?

A. Decrease in cell number B. Principally, growth C. Initiation of differentiation D. Reduction in dry weight

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Explanation

NCERT mentions, 'Growth, at a cellular level, is principally a consequence of increase in the amount of protoplasm.'

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Which of the following parameters can be used to measure growth in plants?

A. Decrease in fresh weight, dry weight, and length B. Increase in volume, area, and cell number C. Reduction in cell size and protoplasm content D. Only the presence or absence of meristems

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Explanation

The NCERT text states, 'Growth is, therefore, measured by a variety of parameters some of which are: increase in fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume and cell number.'

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A maize root apical meristem can produce more than 17,500 new cells per hour, while cells in a watermelon can increase in size by up to 3,50,000 times. This illustrates that growth can be expressed as:

A. Only increase in cell number B. Only increase in cell size C. Increase in both cell number and cell size D. decrease in cell number or size

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Explanation

NCERT provides these examples: 'In the former, growth is expressed as increase in cell number; the latter expresses growth as increase in size of the cell.' This indicates that growth encompasses both aspects.

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