Practice free Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry (Chemistry) NEET multiple-choice questions online with instant answers and detailed explanations. No login required.
According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, how are compounds formed?
Dalton proposed that compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in a fixed ratio. (NCERT, Chapter: SOME_BASIC_CONCEPTS_OF_CHEMISTRY, Section 1.6, Point 3)
The limitations of Dalton's Atomic Theory include its inability to explain:
Dalton's atomic theory, while successful in explaining some laws, 'failed to explain the results of many experiments, for example, it was known that substances like glass or ebonite when rubbed with silk or fur get electrically charged.' It also could not provide the reason for combining of atoms, which was answered later by other scientists. The concept of isotopes was also not part of his initial theory. (NCERT, Chapter: STRUCTURE_OF_ATOM and SOME_BASIC_CONCEPTS_OF_CHEMISTRY, Section 1.6)
What was the initial understanding of the atom, as reflected in the Greek word 'a-tomio'?
The word ‘atom’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘a-tomio’ which means ‘uncut-able’ or ‘non-divisible’. (NCERT, Chapter: STRUCTURE_OF_ATOM)
Before Dalton, the ideas about the existence of atoms were primarily:
The existence of atoms has been proposed since the time of early Indian and Greek philosophers (400 B.C.). According to them, the continued subdivisions of matter would ultimately yield atoms which would not be further divisible. These earlier ideas were mere speculations and there was no way to test them experimentally. (NCERT, Chapter: STRUCTURE_OF_ATOM)
Which of the following aspects of atomic structure could NOT be explained by Dalton's atomic theory, but required later scientific advancements?
Dalton's atomic theory regarded the atom as the ultimate particle of matter and did not include any internal structure. The detailed understanding of the electronic structure of atoms, including the distribution and relative energies of electrons, developed with later atomic models like Bohr's and the quantum mechanical model. The question 'why two or more atoms combine to form molecules, why some elements are metals while others are non-metals... find simple explanation from the electronic configuration. These questions have no answer in the Daltonian model of atom.' (NCERT, Chapter: STRUCTURE_OF_ATOM)
John Dalton's Atomic Theory, proposed in 1808, was significant for:
The atomic theory of matter was first proposed on a firm scientific basis by John Dalton, a British school teacher in 1808. (NCERT, Chapter: STRUCTURE_OF_ATOM)
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the historical context of atomic theory before Dalton?
According to the NCERT text, 'These earlier ideas were mere speculations and there was no way to test them experimentally. These ideas remained dormant for a very long time and were revived again by scientists in the nineteenth century.' This indicates that before Dalton, atomic theories were speculative.
Dalton's Atomic Theory, first proposed in 1808, established the atom as the ultimate particle of matter. From which scientific background did John Dalton hail?
The NCERT text states, 'The atomic theory of matter was first proposed on a firm scientific basis by John Dalton, a British school teacher in 1808.'
Dalton's atomic theory regarded the atom as the ultimate particle of matter. This concept was central to explaining which of the following?
The text states, 'Dalton’s atomic theory was able to explain the law of conservation of mass, law of constant composition and law of multiple proportion very successfully.' The other options are later developments in atomic theory or physics.
Which of Dalton's postulates about atoms was later proved incorrect by the discovery of sub-atomic particles?
Dalton's first postulate was 'Matter consists of indivisible atoms.' However, the text indicates, 'Towards the end of the nineteenth century, it was proved experimentally that atoms are divisible and consist of three fundamental particles: electrons, protons and neutrons.'
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