Physics MCQs for NEET — Practice Questions with Answers

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What average horsepower is developed by an 80 kg man while climbing in 10 s a flight of stairs that rises 6 m vertically 

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Explanation

p=mght=80×9.8×610W=470746HP=0.63HP  

A quarter horse power motor runs at a speed of 600 r.p.m. Assuming 40% efficiency, the work done by the motor in one rotation will be 

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Explanation

Motor makes 600 revolution per minute

n = 600revolutionminute=10revsec

∴ Time required for one revolution =110sec

Energy required for one revolution = power × time

= 14×746×110=74640J

But work done = 40% of input

=40%×74640=40100×74640=7.46J 

An engine pumps up 100 kg of water through a height of 10 m in 5 s. Given that the efficiency of the engine is 60% . If g = 10 ms–2, the power of the engine is

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Explanation

Work output of engine = mgh = 100×10×10=104J

Efficiency (η) = outputinput

∴ Input energy = outuptη

=10460×100=1056J

∴ Power = input energytime = 105/65=10530=3.3kW

A force of 2i^+3j^+4k^N acts on a body for 4 second, produces a displacement of (3i^+4j^+5k^)m. The power used is-

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Explanation

P=F.st=(2i^+3j^+4k^).(3i^+4j^+5k^)4=384=9.5W  

An engine pump is used to pump a liquid of density ρ continuously through a pipe of cross-sectional area A. If the speed of flow of the liquid in the pipe is v, then the rate at which kinetic energy is being imparted to the liquid is

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Explanation

Energy supplied to liquid per second by the pump

= 12mv2t= 12Vρv2t = 12A×lt×ρ×v2  lt=v

=12A×v×ρ×v2 = 12Aρv3  

 

A uniform chain of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table and one third of its length is hanging vertically down over the edge of the table. If g is acceleration due to gravity, the work required to pull the hanging part on to the table is

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Explanation

The hanging part of the chain has a length L/3 and mass M/3. The work required to lift it vertically through a height L/3 is (M/3)g(L/3) = MgL/9. However, since the chain is pulled horizontally, the work done is half of this value, which is MgL/18.

A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle of radius r under a centripetal force equal to –K/r2, where K is a constant. The total energy of the particle is

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Explanation

Here mv2r=Kr2

∴ K.E. =12mv2=K2r

U=rF.dr=rKr2dr=Kr

Total energy E=K.E.+P.E.=K2rKr=K2r

The displacement x of a particle moving in one dimension under the action of a constant force is related to the time t by the equation t=x+3, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The work done by the force in the first 6 seconds is 

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Explanation

x=(t3)2v=dxdt=2(t3)

at t=0; v1=6m/s and at t=6sec, v2=6m/s 

so, change in kinetic energy =W=12mv2212mv12=0 

A force F=K(yi+xj) (where K is a positive constant) acts on a particle moving in the xy-plane. Starting from the origin, the particle is taken along the positive x-axis to the point (a, 0) and then parallel to the y-axis to the point (a, a). The total work done by the force F on the particles is 

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Explanation

While moving from (0,0) to (a,0)

Along positive x-axis, y = 0

F=kxj^

i.e. force is in negative y-direction while displacement is in positive x-direction.

W1 = 0

Because force is perpendicular to displacement

Then particle moves from (a, 0) to (a, a) along a line parallel to y-axis (x = +a) during this F=k(yi^+aJ^)

The first component of force, kyi^ will not contribute any work because this component is along negative x-direction (i^) while displacement is in positive y-direction (a,0) to (a,a). The second component of force i.e. kaj^ will perform negative work

W2=(kaj^)(aj^) = (ka)(a)​ =ka2

So net work done on the particle W = W1 + W2

= 0+(ka2)=ka2

If g is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth's surface, the gain in the potential energy of an object of mass m raised from the surface of earth to a height equal to the radius of the earth R, is 

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Explanation

Gain in potential energy ΔU=mgh1+hR   

If h = R then ΔU=mgR1+RR=12mgR

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