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Which of the following is NOT an application of biotechnology mentioned in the provided text?
The applications of biotechnology include therapeutics, diagnostics, genetically modified crops for agriculture, processed food, bioremediation, waste treatment, and energy production. Space exploration is not mentioned as an application.
What does a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) refer to?
Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways.
One of the advantages of genetically modified (GM) plants is their enhanced nutritional value. An example of this is:
Genetic modification has: (v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., Vitamin 'A' enriched rice.
Which of the following is considered a 'Biotechnological Application in Agriculture' to increase food production?
Let us take a look at the three options that can be thought for increasing food production: (i) agro-chemical based agriculture; (ii) organic agriculture; and (iii) genetically engineered crop-based agriculture.
What is 'micro-propagation' in the context of plant tissue culture?
By application of these methods it is possible to achieve propagation of a large number of plants in very short durations. This method of producing thousands of plants through tissue culture is called micro-propagation.
The capacity of a plant cell/explant to generate a whole plant is known as:
This capacity to generate a whole plant from any cell/explant is called totipotency.
Bt toxin is produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. How has man exploited this protein for agricultural benefit?
Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt for short). Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides; in effect created a bio-pesticide.
Which of the following best describes 'Recombinant DNA technology' or 'Genetic engineering'?
Modern biotechnology using genetically modified organisms was made possible only when man learnt to alter the chemistry of DNA and construct recombinant DNA. This key process is called recombinant DNA technology or genetic engineering.
What did scientists learn in the 1950s that paved the way for tissue culture techniques?
It was learnt by scientists, during 1950s, that whole plants could be regenerated from explants, i.e., any part of a plant taken out and grown in a test tube, under sterile conditions in special nutrient media.
Transgenic animals are primarily used for which of the following purposes?
Transgenic animals are also used to understand how genes contribute to the development of a disease by serving as models for human diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
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